In order:
1. India- developing economy, huge cheap labor force
2. Brazil- can derive energy from sugar
3. Israel- US Proxy State
4. Iran- More tech than the world gives them credit for, will be a force to be reckoned with if they don't attempt to bring down the U.S. dollar and prompt an invasion.
5. Venezuela- Regional power with popular renegade political leadership and large petrolium reserves.
6. Saudi Arabia- Sheer amount of oil. The royal family is capitalizing on that and are beginning to see the benefit of letting thier countrymen prosper as well.
7. Pakistan- Musharraf will be overthrown by extremist elements and the new government will be supported by China and be irremovable by the U.S. Pakistan will likely become the center of the radical muslim world. The U.S. cannot keep Musharaf in power for long, and the ISI won't be that effective against a popular uprising.
______________________________________...
What do u think is the next rising power after the US and China ?
We should not forget Russia which still have the potential to come up and stand as power next to us.
Reply:US will always be the major power in the world. many US businesses use personnel in India.
i'm in US. during a recent dangerous illness, i had 2 doctors from India that saved my life. they are not what we have seen on tv for years. i have great respect for them.
i heard that India is growing quickly!
Reply:India then Brazil
Reply:India
Reply:India. India and China will rule the next century while the US struggles to remain relevant. The only reason we'll have any clout is because of the size of our military and given the state of the national budget, it's doubtful we'll be able to sustain that much past 2020 or so.
Reply:India.
Reply:Brasil and India are on the way up economically, I hear.
Of the two, India probably shades it due to its size.
Reply:Trinidad and Tobago
Reply:India
Reply:While India is rising in population, population doesn't equal power, and in India's case, it equals problems. Right now, lots of American jobs are outsourced all over the world, but mainly in China and India because the people can legally work for much less over there. Their large populations and high poverty rates mean a high supply of unskilled laborers.
Japan is an ever-rising economic power, as are Taiwain and South Korea. If their governments formed a cartel, then combined they would be a power to be reckoned with.
I suspect that Arab states in the Middle East will slowly shrivel up in power as their main source of foreign revenue is in crude oil, and as alternate fuel sources are supposedly being developed, US demand for Arab oil will fall dramitically.
I beleive that the US and China will stay powerful for quite some time, however. Russia is still trying to sort itself out, but is very well a rising power again.
Reply:Argentina
Reply:Texas after they become sovereign!!!
Monday, November 16, 2009
About china and its dynasties?
can you please identify which of china's dynasties are being defined:
1 construction of the great canal
2 the beginning of China's expedition
3 invention of paper
4 rise of the mercantile class in society
5 Feudalism
6 establishment of feudalism
7 establishment of the forbidden city
at least answer a few or one will really be a great help!
About china and its dynasties?
http://knows.jongo.com/res/category/9?pa...
check this website,I think you'll find what you want to know.
Reply:I think you need a Chinese person to help you find what you need in China, and I know a website can provide the service , the service is called "Person to Person" http://www.knowhowing.com/persontoperson... ， through the service you just like engage a "agent" in China to help you to find what you need in China.
Reply:try look for the answer from wikipedia.com
I am sure you can find them all
1 construction of the great canal
2 the beginning of China's expedition
3 invention of paper
4 rise of the mercantile class in society
5 Feudalism
6 establishment of feudalism
7 establishment of the forbidden city
at least answer a few or one will really be a great help!
About china and its dynasties?
http://knows.jongo.com/res/category/9?pa...
check this website,I think you'll find what you want to know.
Reply:I think you need a Chinese person to help you find what you need in China, and I know a website can provide the service , the service is called "Person to Person" http://www.knowhowing.com/persontoperson... ， through the service you just like engage a "agent" in China to help you to find what you need in China.
Reply:try look for the answer from wikipedia.com
I am sure you can find them all
I'm in the process of adopting a baby girl from China. Need help with name selection.?
Adoption from China is a long, hard involved process, especially for a single gay man. However, I am beginning to see light at the end of the tunnel, and I may have my little girl by February.
I have 3 ideas in mind for names for my little girl, and I would like for you all to vote on these names, or suggest a few others. In no particular preference, these are the names that I like:
1) Madeleine Rose ("Rose" is my mother's name)
2) Eden Chantal
3) Lana Victoria
Please vote on these names. Thank you!
I'm in the process of adopting a baby girl from China. Need help with name selection.?
I did believe you prefered Siobhan ! That's why I chose your answer as best answer
Well, I was joking. To answer seriously to your question, I prefer Madeleine Rose. I think that the two other names are cute but they could be more influenced by fashion effects. Madeleine Rose sounds French, I think. The two names are not usally put together but it sounds beautiful. Moreover, it will make a link between the girl and your mother. It's important for an adopted child to feel that there is such a link.
Reply:2. but i like eden victoria together better.
Reply:Wow, I agree. How can a single gay man adopt a little girl from China? She will have no connection to her homeland and be confused when she is older. Can she find her family in the future?? Children need to know thier past. What do you know about raising a chinese girl? or China? How much time have you spent there? This is very selfish like a pet.
Reply:Among your choices, I would go for "Lana Victoria". For some reason, I can easilly associate Lana with asian girls as well. Probably because of watching too much Smallville (Kristin Kreuk as Lana Lang).
If I were to give other suggestions, you may try these:
1) Crystelle
2) Chi Chi
3) Mei Li (Chinese for "cute") or an english variation -- May Lee
4) Ling Ling
** Chinese names are so cute :)
Reply:I think Madeleine rose is nice and so is Lana Victoria.. but how bout something that represents were she is from ??
congratulations.. on the bub
Reply:i like madeleine rose. i think that is pretty just make sure it goes with your last name on whatever name you pick
CONGRATS GOOD LUCK.
Reply:Jaden, MaKenna, Katelyn, Emma, Haley, Jaida
Reply:1. Try "Meilee" or "Meilie" or "Meily" - "Mei" means beautiful, pretty. "Lee" has several cooresponding characters in Chinese, depends on which one you pick, it can mean "gift" , "inside", "beauty", "pear"..... I can send you the writing/calligraphy once you make the decision.
2. Or "Tienlee" - "Tien" means from God/someone above %26amp; "Lee" is the same as #1.
Reply:1
Madeleine ______
I think 'Rose' isnt such a good idea given that is your mother's name. I think using her family birth name as her middle name rather would be highly appropriate.
Reply:Wow, congratulations! You must be so excited, you'll be a dad soon!
I like all your name choices, but especially Chantal and Lana. My daughter's name is Mayah, and of course I have a preferential bias towards that one ;). Just thought I'd suggest it.
Another idea might be to look into traditional Chinese names that might sound nice as a middle name, along with your first pick. That way she could always have a name to tie her with her ethnicity, and her "roots", so to speak. It might not be important to her as a child, but maybe later in life she might be interested in reconnecting with her past.
Reply:Congratulations ......I am going to adopt from China too But i have to wait until i am 30 years old .........Another 5 years ...But it will be worth it
Vida is one of my favorite names
So Is
Mina....Or Mia/Maya/Mya
Good luck with names
Reply:uh, no offense, i don't think a kid would want to be called any of those - they are pretty embarrassing. pick something that is timeless, rather than your mother's name, or the name of a little tiny town in NSW. how about something traditional, like,
Phillippa, Anna (not Anne, mega embarrassing), Teresa, Libby, Sigrid, Emily, Louiza etc.
Reply:I to have always thought of adopting a little girl from China (my husband too). I don't know if it will ever happen or not. Right now my husband wants to have a couple kids of his own.
I like:
Lana Li (depending on where you go it seem Li means gift, it can also mean "strength" or "plum" or "black" or "sharp" )
Lana Jia (Jia means beautiful in Chinese)
Madeleine Mei (Rose or Beautiful in Chinese)
Chinese words and their meanings really seem to vary by the region.
Congratulations on your upcoming adoption!
Reply:congrats!!!
lana victoria sounds good...
let me know if you need help in getting a chinese name (moniker) for her too :)
Reply:I think the name China Rose would be very pretty.
Maybe Chyna with a Y... Good luck...
Congratulations!!!
Reply:Those are nice names. Of the 3 I like Eden the best. Other names I like for a girl are:
Logan
Isabella
Gabriella
Danielle
Good luck with your new little girl! I'm sure she'll have a wonderful name!
Reply:Lana Victoria.
It just rings nice to me. Kinda edgy in a way too. How about one name is English and the other one Chinese?
Reply:I like the sound of Victoria Rose
Reply:Madeleine Rose is a good name why not also try melanie rose?
Reply:From an auditory standpoint, Madeleine Rose has a nice syncopation, but I think Madeleine is a little antiquated. I would pick Eden Chantal.
I also am fond of this hybrid: Eden Rose. Like a flower plucked from the Lost Garden itself.
Reply:i like Lana Rose it sounds so precious sorry it's not what you choose but i like these name together and i know you mom will like the rose part,Madeleine is to strong and i don't like Eden Chantal.i have to say you have a heart of gold to adopt a child god bless you.
Reply:Chantal for a first name is the nicest, a Chinese middle name would be nice also, maybe the translation for Rose?? Good luck would love to do same but am far to selfish and immature at the moment
Reply:I vote for Number 1. What a great way to honor your mother, plus you can buy her the entire Madeline book series!!!
And for others and what they think about you adopting--they need to get lives. This world needs more people like you.
Reply:I vote for number one.
what about naming her China?
China Rose
I like that. if she doesnt like it you can call her Rose or Rosie
Reply:I like Madeleine Rose. Might go with a simpler spelling of Madeline though. I had some friends that adopted from china a year or so ago. It is a long drawn out process. I didnt think a single person male or female regardless of sexual orientation could adopt form china. I guess its the agency you go through.
Reply:Lana Victoria is a cute name. By the way congratulations on adopting a baby girl from China. I have read many articles about how baby girls are discarded because of the one child policy and how parents prefer to have boys. You seem like a great guy - well done.
Reply:If you want a kid. It is a contradiction of what you believe.
I have 3 ideas in mind for names for my little girl, and I would like for you all to vote on these names, or suggest a few others. In no particular preference, these are the names that I like:
1) Madeleine Rose ("Rose" is my mother's name)
2) Eden Chantal
3) Lana Victoria
Please vote on these names. Thank you!
I'm in the process of adopting a baby girl from China. Need help with name selection.?
I did believe you prefered Siobhan ! That's why I chose your answer as best answer
Well, I was joking. To answer seriously to your question, I prefer Madeleine Rose. I think that the two other names are cute but they could be more influenced by fashion effects. Madeleine Rose sounds French, I think. The two names are not usally put together but it sounds beautiful. Moreover, it will make a link between the girl and your mother. It's important for an adopted child to feel that there is such a link.
Reply:2. but i like eden victoria together better.
Reply:Wow, I agree. How can a single gay man adopt a little girl from China? She will have no connection to her homeland and be confused when she is older. Can she find her family in the future?? Children need to know thier past. What do you know about raising a chinese girl? or China? How much time have you spent there? This is very selfish like a pet.
Reply:Among your choices, I would go for "Lana Victoria". For some reason, I can easilly associate Lana with asian girls as well. Probably because of watching too much Smallville (Kristin Kreuk as Lana Lang).
If I were to give other suggestions, you may try these:
1) Crystelle
2) Chi Chi
3) Mei Li (Chinese for "cute") or an english variation -- May Lee
4) Ling Ling
** Chinese names are so cute :)
Reply:I think Madeleine rose is nice and so is Lana Victoria.. but how bout something that represents were she is from ??
congratulations.. on the bub
Reply:i like madeleine rose. i think that is pretty just make sure it goes with your last name on whatever name you pick
CONGRATS GOOD LUCK.
Reply:Jaden, MaKenna, Katelyn, Emma, Haley, Jaida
Reply:1. Try "Meilee" or "Meilie" or "Meily" - "Mei" means beautiful, pretty. "Lee" has several cooresponding characters in Chinese, depends on which one you pick, it can mean "gift" , "inside", "beauty", "pear"..... I can send you the writing/calligraphy once you make the decision.
2. Or "Tienlee" - "Tien" means from God/someone above %26amp; "Lee" is the same as #1.
Reply:1
Madeleine ______
I think 'Rose' isnt such a good idea given that is your mother's name. I think using her family birth name as her middle name rather would be highly appropriate.
Reply:Wow, congratulations! You must be so excited, you'll be a dad soon!
I like all your name choices, but especially Chantal and Lana. My daughter's name is Mayah, and of course I have a preferential bias towards that one ;). Just thought I'd suggest it.
Another idea might be to look into traditional Chinese names that might sound nice as a middle name, along with your first pick. That way she could always have a name to tie her with her ethnicity, and her "roots", so to speak. It might not be important to her as a child, but maybe later in life she might be interested in reconnecting with her past.
Reply:Congratulations ......I am going to adopt from China too But i have to wait until i am 30 years old .........Another 5 years ...But it will be worth it
Vida is one of my favorite names
So Is
Mina....Or Mia/Maya/Mya
Good luck with names
Reply:uh, no offense, i don't think a kid would want to be called any of those - they are pretty embarrassing. pick something that is timeless, rather than your mother's name, or the name of a little tiny town in NSW. how about something traditional, like,
Phillippa, Anna (not Anne, mega embarrassing), Teresa, Libby, Sigrid, Emily, Louiza etc.
Reply:I to have always thought of adopting a little girl from China (my husband too). I don't know if it will ever happen or not. Right now my husband wants to have a couple kids of his own.
I like:
Lana Li (depending on where you go it seem Li means gift, it can also mean "strength" or "plum" or "black" or "sharp" )
Lana Jia (Jia means beautiful in Chinese)
Madeleine Mei (Rose or Beautiful in Chinese)
Chinese words and their meanings really seem to vary by the region.
Congratulations on your upcoming adoption!
Reply:congrats!!!
lana victoria sounds good...
let me know if you need help in getting a chinese name (moniker) for her too :)
Reply:I think the name China Rose would be very pretty.
Maybe Chyna with a Y... Good luck...
Congratulations!!!
Reply:Those are nice names. Of the 3 I like Eden the best. Other names I like for a girl are:
Logan
Isabella
Gabriella
Danielle
Good luck with your new little girl! I'm sure she'll have a wonderful name!
Reply:Lana Victoria.
It just rings nice to me. Kinda edgy in a way too. How about one name is English and the other one Chinese?
Reply:I like the sound of Victoria Rose
Reply:Madeleine Rose is a good name why not also try melanie rose?
Reply:From an auditory standpoint, Madeleine Rose has a nice syncopation, but I think Madeleine is a little antiquated. I would pick Eden Chantal.
I also am fond of this hybrid: Eden Rose. Like a flower plucked from the Lost Garden itself.
Reply:i like Lana Rose it sounds so precious sorry it's not what you choose but i like these name together and i know you mom will like the rose part,Madeleine is to strong and i don't like Eden Chantal.i have to say you have a heart of gold to adopt a child god bless you.
Reply:Chantal for a first name is the nicest, a Chinese middle name would be nice also, maybe the translation for Rose?? Good luck would love to do same but am far to selfish and immature at the moment
Reply:I vote for Number 1. What a great way to honor your mother, plus you can buy her the entire Madeline book series!!!
And for others and what they think about you adopting--they need to get lives. This world needs more people like you.
Reply:I vote for number one.
what about naming her China?
China Rose
I like that. if she doesnt like it you can call her Rose or Rosie
Reply:I like Madeleine Rose. Might go with a simpler spelling of Madeline though. I had some friends that adopted from china a year or so ago. It is a long drawn out process. I didnt think a single person male or female regardless of sexual orientation could adopt form china. I guess its the agency you go through.
Reply:Lana Victoria is a cute name. By the way congratulations on adopting a baby girl from China. I have read many articles about how baby girls are discarded because of the one child policy and how parents prefer to have boys. You seem like a great guy - well done.
Reply:If you want a kid. It is a contradiction of what you believe.
What factors led to the rise of Communism in Russia and China?
The fact that those who were ruling cared not for the common folks and communism offered a way up and out (No, it didn't, but hope is a great influencer)
What factors led to the rise of Communism in Russia and China?
The other two named some oof the factors but others included that both countries were under thread of invasion, and the economy were unbalanced, so much so that communism was adopted to help the economy and if all the power was vested in one person, the countries thought they would be more able to fight in wars (not always the case) the USSR (I think stands for United Soviet States of Russia) had their hussars etc and they needed good guidence.
Reply:When they killed all the people that opposed it.
Reply:-Gigantic gap between the rich and poor.
-Political unrest.
-War loss.
Reply:I mean, that many people in the end of 19 cen. and in the beginning of 20 century, start hate this big difference between poor and rich. Now capitalism is "with human face" in many countries from America and Europe.
I live in Bulgaria. I spent most of half of my life in communism, but now I live in capitalism without "human face". It's cruel true in my country now. You don't be able to understand how we live now. Before we had own house, job, money, clothes. Now many bosses say us that we are yet old for hers/his firm. We have big attempt, but ....
Reply:arrogance, the promise of power. everything that leads to war, the holocaust, etc.
network security
What factors led to the rise of Communism in Russia and China?
The other two named some oof the factors but others included that both countries were under thread of invasion, and the economy were unbalanced, so much so that communism was adopted to help the economy and if all the power was vested in one person, the countries thought they would be more able to fight in wars (not always the case) the USSR (I think stands for United Soviet States of Russia) had their hussars etc and they needed good guidence.
Reply:When they killed all the people that opposed it.
Reply:-Gigantic gap between the rich and poor.
-Political unrest.
-War loss.
Reply:I mean, that many people in the end of 19 cen. and in the beginning of 20 century, start hate this big difference between poor and rich. Now capitalism is "with human face" in many countries from America and Europe.
I live in Bulgaria. I spent most of half of my life in communism, but now I live in capitalism without "human face". It's cruel true in my country now. You don't be able to understand how we live now. Before we had own house, job, money, clothes. Now many bosses say us that we are yet old for hers/his firm. We have big attempt, but ....
Reply:arrogance, the promise of power. everything that leads to war, the holocaust, etc.
network security
Herbal Essences products in China?
This is really driving me crazy! I'm in China and I was shopping for hair shampoo and conditioner. I picked up a bottle of herbal essences shampoo and another bottle that looked like conditioner, but upon opening it I discovered, it's soapy not conditioner! The product is shiny and white and not smooth like condioner and it lathers. It's a red bottle with a rose on it. It's not transparent like the shampoo bottles. It's really driving me crazy since I cannot read or speak Chinese. I can't figure out what it is! Exactly anyways, I know it's some sort of clean. Does Herbal Essences make 2 in 1 conditioner or another product that would come in a bottle like this? Anyone know what this is?! I'm going mad!
Also, today, in the store I saw the same bottle with a hand soap pump. Do they make hand soap? Or body lotion like this?
(okay, I know it's not very important and I could ask someone who is Chinese and speaks English, but by tommorow I'll get over it and forget.) Thanks.
Herbal Essences products in China?
Did you pick it up from the same shelf as the shampoo? Sometimes the shampoos are on one shelf and conditioners are on the other. Look at the bottles around and see if any of them say conditioner. Bee %26amp; Flower usually has some English on it so it's easier to tell which shelf is shampoo and which shelf is conditioner.
Reply:check out with www.alibaba.com or yahoo china.
Reply:can u send it to e caz i love anything get the one to mad and when u post it i tell u what it :P and i talk to u relly XD
Reply:LOL! i got the same conditioner here one time! (guangdong). try the green bottle. the conditioner is actually conditioner. though i found a conditioner called 'renew' and i reckon it's better than herbal essenses.
Also, today, in the store I saw the same bottle with a hand soap pump. Do they make hand soap? Or body lotion like this?
(okay, I know it's not very important and I could ask someone who is Chinese and speaks English, but by tommorow I'll get over it and forget.) Thanks.
Herbal Essences products in China?
Did you pick it up from the same shelf as the shampoo? Sometimes the shampoos are on one shelf and conditioners are on the other. Look at the bottles around and see if any of them say conditioner. Bee %26amp; Flower usually has some English on it so it's easier to tell which shelf is shampoo and which shelf is conditioner.
Reply:check out with www.alibaba.com or yahoo china.
Reply:can u send it to e caz i love anything get the one to mad and when u post it i tell u what it :P and i talk to u relly XD
Reply:LOL! i got the same conditioner here one time! (guangdong). try the green bottle. the conditioner is actually conditioner. though i found a conditioner called 'renew' and i reckon it's better than herbal essenses.
China is part of it, I guess?
http://biz.yahoo.com/ap/080102/oil_price...
Well, it seems the oil price is rising to 100$ barrel. They even mention China and India are the reason. Why don't they ever mention the US.
China is part of it, I guess?
Yeah man!
Reply:Good question but I don't know?
Reply:It seems China is to blame for lots of things these days.
Reply:yh y china blamed for it hmmmph..
Reply:It seems Chinese shouldn't develop its economic society, it should get behind those developed countries forever. what the logic is?
Reply:Yup, you are correct! China's oil consumption is still about one-third of that of energy-hungry USA!
Let's hope for a significant increase in oil prices that will force us to re-think our ways of doing things. We need to break our dependency on fossil fuels and start doing what we should have been doing 30 years ago: develop and mass-market alternative sustainable energy sources and technologies. We have the science, we need to elect people with the political determination to disrupt the world order, and we must all have the personal conviction as individuals to act as catalysts of change.
Edit: A little bit of information for your pleasure...While it's a less direct competitor to fossil fuel than ethanol, solar energy's allure has rocketed stocks like China's Suntech Power Holdings Co. (NYSE:STP) to full doubles in share price in the past year! The end of oil means new beginnings for smart investors! If you have money to spare, invest now in Green Chip stocks.
Well, it seems the oil price is rising to 100$ barrel. They even mention China and India are the reason. Why don't they ever mention the US.
China is part of it, I guess?
Yeah man!
Reply:Good question but I don't know?
Reply:It seems China is to blame for lots of things these days.
Reply:yh y china blamed for it hmmmph..
Reply:It seems Chinese shouldn't develop its economic society, it should get behind those developed countries forever. what the logic is?
Reply:Yup, you are correct! China's oil consumption is still about one-third of that of energy-hungry USA!
Let's hope for a significant increase in oil prices that will force us to re-think our ways of doing things. We need to break our dependency on fossil fuels and start doing what we should have been doing 30 years ago: develop and mass-market alternative sustainable energy sources and technologies. We have the science, we need to elect people with the political determination to disrupt the world order, and we must all have the personal conviction as individuals to act as catalysts of change.
Edit: A little bit of information for your pleasure...While it's a less direct competitor to fossil fuel than ethanol, solar energy's allure has rocketed stocks like China's Suntech Power Holdings Co. (NYSE:STP) to full doubles in share price in the past year! The end of oil means new beginnings for smart investors! If you have money to spare, invest now in Green Chip stocks.
I need help to find a bone china set i have had no luck finding it on line so i need some help.?
the cup is 7cm tall 8 1/2 cm wide at top of cup..the top of cup has a gold rim then gold pattern hanging down then a rose pattern around the top half of the cup..then a gold thin band around the middle of the cup below the rose pattern..the handle also has a gold line in the center.....on the bottom of the cup is a green leaf branch with the letters r.c then the word japan.. i thought it may stand for ransom china japan .but i have had no luck finding the same design..i think it maybe about the 1960-70's but im not to sure. any help will be gladly welcom.thanks.
I need help to find a bone china set i have had no luck finding it on line so i need some help.?
Could it be Royal Crown Derby ? Check the following website.
http://www.matchingchina.com/replacement...
Reply:Oooh! That's a serious research project!
Reply:go back to ebay and enter it as a favourite search,then if it becomes available ebay will email you.
Reply:Have you tried www.replacements.com? The company stocks china, both old and new. I have used them for years and have always been satisfied.
You may also want to search R.C. Japan on ebay . . . perhaps someone else has a similar piece for sale.
Good luck.
Reply:Their collectors items you probably will have a hard time finding them.
Reply:if you know the name try ringing some large department stores, they may be able to help you.
I need help to find a bone china set i have had no luck finding it on line so i need some help.?
Could it be Royal Crown Derby ? Check the following website.
http://www.matchingchina.com/replacement...
Reply:Oooh! That's a serious research project!
Reply:go back to ebay and enter it as a favourite search,then if it becomes available ebay will email you.
Reply:Have you tried www.replacements.com? The company stocks china, both old and new. I have used them for years and have always been satisfied.
You may also want to search R.C. Japan on ebay . . . perhaps someone else has a similar piece for sale.
Good luck.
Reply:Their collectors items you probably will have a hard time finding them.
Reply:if you know the name try ringing some large department stores, they may be able to help you.
What caused the rise of the communist party in China? What factors made it happen?
The USA supported the Red Army as an ally against the Japanese, but the Red Army never entered conflict with the Japanese directly, and thus was able to build strength to take over after the war.
What caused the rise of the communist party in China? What factors made it happen?
Mao-tse-tung happened. See Wikipidia, its a long story, but essentially, China was getting from worse to worst, after the Japanese where defeated by the USA. Different then Africa, where there has never been a history of discipline and work China had 5000 years of positive traditions to fall back on. But the overpopulation got out of control and a democracy would not have allowed the severe decisions, necessary, to get China back on track. Its not really communism, its a dictatorship, like the USSR was, disguised under the banner of Marx. It is astonishing, that China has managed to get so far, but it had a lot of help to build up industrial power from Europe, mainly Germany.
Reply:I think a bunch of Democrats moved there. Then they demanded forced abortions and socialism.
Reply:A lot of factors resulted in that and dates back to the early 19th century. Prior to that, westerners who visited China were often awe struck by its society and culture, many believing it was superior to the west.
Where it finally came undone is this:
British merchents, along with their government was illegally importing opium into China for a long time and it became such a big problem for China that they ended up going to war with Britian in 1840 and were defeated. Which resulted in what the Chinese people called the unequal treaties.
In 1856, another opium war broke out resulting again in China's defeat. Again, another series of unequal treaties resulted.
These treaties made British citizens exampt from Chinese law, forced them to allow opium to be legal in China (which resulted in 90% of the males in the coastal area's to be addicted) made China pay huge reparations, reduced China's terrifs substantially, forced them to open up all of China to foreigners, and banned Chinese officials from calling British officials as Yi, or barbarian.
Thus the seeds for the Boxer rebellion were born and in 1900 that broke out, which was the result of unfettered foreign influence in China. That is when the people rised up against foreigners.
The result was another series of unequal treaties which eventually weakened dynasty rule to the point where in 1912 that came to an end. The last emperor, "Henry" Puyi holding only a ceremonial role.
The Republic of China was thus born that had huge ties to the west.
The above history as told by others here is pretty accurate. What I want to add is this. Mao was sick and tired of the wests influence over China that when his military won against the Republic of China on October 1st, 1949, thus the Peoples Republic of China was born, he kicked out all western business interests and closed the country till 1972 when Nixon visited Mao in Beijing.
The west is as much to blame for China going communist as they have been to blame for other countries pretty much going in an opposite direction of our intent. Two recent cases, Iraq and Afghanistan.
Today, China is very careful in letting unfettered business access by the west. Western run businesses are now jointly run by Chinese business people and interests as well as western.
======================
Other points to consider is this:
China is not communist nor is it socialistic.
It is also often referred to as totalitarian and a dictatorship.
Both are equally as wrong too.
Communism:
is a the opposite of capitalism so therefore it is impossible they are communistic. The first people who were allowed to use limited capitalism were the farmers back in the 50's because of the failure of collective farming. The whole country is one huge capitalistic machine now.
Socialistic:
means the state controls all production, manufacturing and business. That is impossible as well since individuals own businesses and those state run businesses are a mixture of state and private working side by side. Currently today, less then 20% is state owned. 30 years ago it was 100%. Example, their oil industry is a mix of private and state working together and their cost per gallon of gas is $2.25. There are no taxes added, all the revenue and profits are done before that with both private and state profiting. The USA could do that same, but we'd rather pay $1 more per gallon then allow any kind of socialism to creep into our economy. Our socialism is through war for oil while ignoring what the people really need.
Totalitarian:
means the state controls all aspects of life. That is simply not the case as individuals are free to seek new employment, open businesses, travel at will, immigrate, buy homes, become rich, buy any consumer product they want without permission, in short, do just about anything the people in the west take for granted.
Dictatorship:
They have an election system in place that is at the province level. Those elected officials, who are elected by the people, are then sent to Beijing to represent the people there and those people elect the president, much like many government systems in the world, like Britain.
One party rule:
True, but in recent years the government is encouraging people from outside the party to become involved in government and politics. They can also hold high office, something that was unheard of a few years ago. China understands that it needs new blood in its system in order to survive and do the will of the people otherwise China will stagnate.
What type of government does China have?
At this point, it is hard to say, because it is a mixture of democratic ideals, federalism, socialism, and authoritarian. From what I can see, and how China likes change slowly, that it is slowly morphing into a democratic federal republic, much like the USA has now. But at their own pace, not the instant change that the west demands of China. China is smart enough to know that instant change can have social and political repercussions and its best to take it slowly as to not wake the angry dragon of discontent and descent.
Source:
My experience, living here as an ex pat from the USA
My web site.
http://www.pbase.com/sailingjim
http://www.china.org.cn
and see how their system works. Use their search engine and put in the words democracy, then communism, then socialism. You'll probably be surprised at the results you get. Keep in mind, the people read the same things you will read there.
===============
Looking at the China bashing pragmatically instead of with a blind eye like so many do.
The Amnesty International types of organizations depend on donations to survive. Therefore, they have a vested interest to believe one side of the story while ignoring the other side to keep up the hate and the money coming in.
Therefore, what should be done is we need to look into the lifestyle of the CEO's of these organizations, what percentage of donations goes into education vs administrative, salaries, etc.
What I find disingenuous with so many people is they will selectively believe these organizations on issues they want to believe, while condemning them on issues they don't want to believe.
Much of the information comes from people who have a ax to grind, or the information is collected from 3rd and 4th parties. Remember, we went to war in Iraq, in part, because of the word of ex pats who made claims that have since been disproved, even outright lies.
I live here in China as an ex pat from the USA and teach in a college. I expected to meet dissidents, and to date, I have not met one. The people in China seem to be very apathetic and it took me a long time to figure out why. It's because they have more freedom then anytime in their history and they are grateful for that. The biggest complaint I have heard about the government from students is they don't spend enough on education.
A final thing to ponder is Tianamen Square. Few in the states know why it started. It was because the government cut back on college spending and the students were upset. It morphed into a democracy movement and the crowds were huge only because the people were curious. The reason the movement was brutally crushed (I do not support that) is because with world wide attention, plus it was all over the Chinese news that the government appeared to be weak and could possibly be overthrown. The aftermath of that, is anyones guess what they would have ended up with. We are now seeing what instant change has done in two countries that we have gone to war with that never had democracy before and have a long history of human rights abuses.
======
They have a very stable society and government.
Foreign companies are not afraid to invest there.
China learns by its successes and mistakes.
China is a very old and wise country.
China has an over abundance of brain power
China is very innovative.
China is not afraid to go outside of their country for answers to questions and problems they have.
China is very careful not to let foreign investment take over like they allowed to happen two centuries ago.
China plans for the future through five year and one year plans that are changable.
China's government is slowly morphing into a federal democratic republic, much like the USA but at their own pace.
China realizes that to limit people in government only to one party is counter productive and in recent years is encouraging people outside the party to become involved in government and even run for office.
China is much of what we want her to be and little of what we think she is.
===============
Peace
Jim
.
Reply:Well I am not sure how it started by the Chinese government was weakened immensely by WWII and that allowed the communist to complete their take over.
Reply:The Govt of Chang Kaichek(believe that what his name was but could be wrong) was corrupted %26amp; cruel which caused him to lose support %26amp; eventually be overthrown by the Communists in 1949.
Reply:scooter hit the nail on the head
the Nationalist Chaing Kai Shek government was extremely corrupt and incompetant. President Roosevelt a huge supporter of them finally admitted soon before his death that he had made a huge mistake supporting them and had picked the wrong horse.
During an inspection tour of Nationalists military camps the US generals found that none of the billions of dollars of equipment we had sent there was going to the troops, instead there were huge wharehouses full of US equipment there. Chaing's idea was to let the US beat the Japs so he wouldnt have to fight them (just the opposite of what the US was looking for) and then use the weapons against Mao.
What Chaing didnt realize in the corrupt system he ran his subordanants were selling the US supplied equipment and food to the Japanese and the Communists.
Also thier treament of their own poeple was not much better than the japanses invaders
As an example the Nationalist army would come through a village and take all the young men, chain them toghther and march them to the front without food or weapons and keep them there as targets to keep the Japanese machine guns busy.
Mao on the other hand avoided most combat when possible, put all recruits onto farm units and grew food and gave them thier first actual reading and writing lessons. So for the first time they were able to read, write and eat enough food.
while Mao was also definitely a bad guy as history would show he was alot better to the common man than the Nationalists were and there fore it was a matter of time before the Nationalists lost thier support and Mao would win the civil war.
Reply:It is because China needs ideology that can give them hope and strength to survive. The important thing for them is not about how to dominate the world by having unilateral power. The most important thing for them is how make live become wealth and live in peace. That is how communist party in China surviving.
Reply:How do I know? I lived it.
According to the party, this was the natural result of movement towards socialism in the history of China. With the end of the Emporer Pu Yi and the revolt of Sun Yat Sen. the communists defeated pro western dictator Chang Kai Shak because he was an urban war lord.
Chairman Mau was from a rural area, and his parents were peasants, like most people of China.
Mao took much time and effort to emphasize this all of his life to win the support of the peasants.
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What caused the rise of the communist party in China? What factors made it happen?
Mao-tse-tung happened. See Wikipidia, its a long story, but essentially, China was getting from worse to worst, after the Japanese where defeated by the USA. Different then Africa, where there has never been a history of discipline and work China had 5000 years of positive traditions to fall back on. But the overpopulation got out of control and a democracy would not have allowed the severe decisions, necessary, to get China back on track. Its not really communism, its a dictatorship, like the USSR was, disguised under the banner of Marx. It is astonishing, that China has managed to get so far, but it had a lot of help to build up industrial power from Europe, mainly Germany.
Reply:I think a bunch of Democrats moved there. Then they demanded forced abortions and socialism.
Reply:A lot of factors resulted in that and dates back to the early 19th century. Prior to that, westerners who visited China were often awe struck by its society and culture, many believing it was superior to the west.
Where it finally came undone is this:
British merchents, along with their government was illegally importing opium into China for a long time and it became such a big problem for China that they ended up going to war with Britian in 1840 and were defeated. Which resulted in what the Chinese people called the unequal treaties.
In 1856, another opium war broke out resulting again in China's defeat. Again, another series of unequal treaties resulted.
These treaties made British citizens exampt from Chinese law, forced them to allow opium to be legal in China (which resulted in 90% of the males in the coastal area's to be addicted) made China pay huge reparations, reduced China's terrifs substantially, forced them to open up all of China to foreigners, and banned Chinese officials from calling British officials as Yi, or barbarian.
Thus the seeds for the Boxer rebellion were born and in 1900 that broke out, which was the result of unfettered foreign influence in China. That is when the people rised up against foreigners.
The result was another series of unequal treaties which eventually weakened dynasty rule to the point where in 1912 that came to an end. The last emperor, "Henry" Puyi holding only a ceremonial role.
The Republic of China was thus born that had huge ties to the west.
The above history as told by others here is pretty accurate. What I want to add is this. Mao was sick and tired of the wests influence over China that when his military won against the Republic of China on October 1st, 1949, thus the Peoples Republic of China was born, he kicked out all western business interests and closed the country till 1972 when Nixon visited Mao in Beijing.
The west is as much to blame for China going communist as they have been to blame for other countries pretty much going in an opposite direction of our intent. Two recent cases, Iraq and Afghanistan.
Today, China is very careful in letting unfettered business access by the west. Western run businesses are now jointly run by Chinese business people and interests as well as western.
======================
Other points to consider is this:
China is not communist nor is it socialistic.
It is also often referred to as totalitarian and a dictatorship.
Both are equally as wrong too.
Communism:
is a the opposite of capitalism so therefore it is impossible they are communistic. The first people who were allowed to use limited capitalism were the farmers back in the 50's because of the failure of collective farming. The whole country is one huge capitalistic machine now.
Socialistic:
means the state controls all production, manufacturing and business. That is impossible as well since individuals own businesses and those state run businesses are a mixture of state and private working side by side. Currently today, less then 20% is state owned. 30 years ago it was 100%. Example, their oil industry is a mix of private and state working together and their cost per gallon of gas is $2.25. There are no taxes added, all the revenue and profits are done before that with both private and state profiting. The USA could do that same, but we'd rather pay $1 more per gallon then allow any kind of socialism to creep into our economy. Our socialism is through war for oil while ignoring what the people really need.
Totalitarian:
means the state controls all aspects of life. That is simply not the case as individuals are free to seek new employment, open businesses, travel at will, immigrate, buy homes, become rich, buy any consumer product they want without permission, in short, do just about anything the people in the west take for granted.
Dictatorship:
They have an election system in place that is at the province level. Those elected officials, who are elected by the people, are then sent to Beijing to represent the people there and those people elect the president, much like many government systems in the world, like Britain.
One party rule:
True, but in recent years the government is encouraging people from outside the party to become involved in government and politics. They can also hold high office, something that was unheard of a few years ago. China understands that it needs new blood in its system in order to survive and do the will of the people otherwise China will stagnate.
What type of government does China have?
At this point, it is hard to say, because it is a mixture of democratic ideals, federalism, socialism, and authoritarian. From what I can see, and how China likes change slowly, that it is slowly morphing into a democratic federal republic, much like the USA has now. But at their own pace, not the instant change that the west demands of China. China is smart enough to know that instant change can have social and political repercussions and its best to take it slowly as to not wake the angry dragon of discontent and descent.
Source:
My experience, living here as an ex pat from the USA
My web site.
http://www.pbase.com/sailingjim
http://www.china.org.cn
and see how their system works. Use their search engine and put in the words democracy, then communism, then socialism. You'll probably be surprised at the results you get. Keep in mind, the people read the same things you will read there.
===============
Looking at the China bashing pragmatically instead of with a blind eye like so many do.
The Amnesty International types of organizations depend on donations to survive. Therefore, they have a vested interest to believe one side of the story while ignoring the other side to keep up the hate and the money coming in.
Therefore, what should be done is we need to look into the lifestyle of the CEO's of these organizations, what percentage of donations goes into education vs administrative, salaries, etc.
What I find disingenuous with so many people is they will selectively believe these organizations on issues they want to believe, while condemning them on issues they don't want to believe.
Much of the information comes from people who have a ax to grind, or the information is collected from 3rd and 4th parties. Remember, we went to war in Iraq, in part, because of the word of ex pats who made claims that have since been disproved, even outright lies.
I live here in China as an ex pat from the USA and teach in a college. I expected to meet dissidents, and to date, I have not met one. The people in China seem to be very apathetic and it took me a long time to figure out why. It's because they have more freedom then anytime in their history and they are grateful for that. The biggest complaint I have heard about the government from students is they don't spend enough on education.
A final thing to ponder is Tianamen Square. Few in the states know why it started. It was because the government cut back on college spending and the students were upset. It morphed into a democracy movement and the crowds were huge only because the people were curious. The reason the movement was brutally crushed (I do not support that) is because with world wide attention, plus it was all over the Chinese news that the government appeared to be weak and could possibly be overthrown. The aftermath of that, is anyones guess what they would have ended up with. We are now seeing what instant change has done in two countries that we have gone to war with that never had democracy before and have a long history of human rights abuses.
======
They have a very stable society and government.
Foreign companies are not afraid to invest there.
China learns by its successes and mistakes.
China is a very old and wise country.
China has an over abundance of brain power
China is very innovative.
China is not afraid to go outside of their country for answers to questions and problems they have.
China is very careful not to let foreign investment take over like they allowed to happen two centuries ago.
China plans for the future through five year and one year plans that are changable.
China's government is slowly morphing into a federal democratic republic, much like the USA but at their own pace.
China realizes that to limit people in government only to one party is counter productive and in recent years is encouraging people outside the party to become involved in government and even run for office.
China is much of what we want her to be and little of what we think she is.
===============
Peace
Jim
.
Reply:Well I am not sure how it started by the Chinese government was weakened immensely by WWII and that allowed the communist to complete their take over.
Reply:The Govt of Chang Kaichek(believe that what his name was but could be wrong) was corrupted %26amp; cruel which caused him to lose support %26amp; eventually be overthrown by the Communists in 1949.
Reply:scooter hit the nail on the head
the Nationalist Chaing Kai Shek government was extremely corrupt and incompetant. President Roosevelt a huge supporter of them finally admitted soon before his death that he had made a huge mistake supporting them and had picked the wrong horse.
During an inspection tour of Nationalists military camps the US generals found that none of the billions of dollars of equipment we had sent there was going to the troops, instead there were huge wharehouses full of US equipment there. Chaing's idea was to let the US beat the Japs so he wouldnt have to fight them (just the opposite of what the US was looking for) and then use the weapons against Mao.
What Chaing didnt realize in the corrupt system he ran his subordanants were selling the US supplied equipment and food to the Japanese and the Communists.
Also thier treament of their own poeple was not much better than the japanses invaders
As an example the Nationalist army would come through a village and take all the young men, chain them toghther and march them to the front without food or weapons and keep them there as targets to keep the Japanese machine guns busy.
Mao on the other hand avoided most combat when possible, put all recruits onto farm units and grew food and gave them thier first actual reading and writing lessons. So for the first time they were able to read, write and eat enough food.
while Mao was also definitely a bad guy as history would show he was alot better to the common man than the Nationalists were and there fore it was a matter of time before the Nationalists lost thier support and Mao would win the civil war.
Reply:It is because China needs ideology that can give them hope and strength to survive. The important thing for them is not about how to dominate the world by having unilateral power. The most important thing for them is how make live become wealth and live in peace. That is how communist party in China surviving.
Reply:How do I know? I lived it.
According to the party, this was the natural result of movement towards socialism in the history of China. With the end of the Emporer Pu Yi and the revolt of Sun Yat Sen. the communists defeated pro western dictator Chang Kai Shak because he was an urban war lord.
Chairman Mau was from a rural area, and his parents were peasants, like most people of China.
Mao took much time and effort to emphasize this all of his life to win the support of the peasants.
affiliate reviews
China Blocks the internet and controls it and it's use. So how do former Americans get such free access???
Is it so that they can spread Dis Information? Are these Ex Patriots the Modern version of Tokyo Rose? will we someday see these so called sources of information On trial for treason? Will they return Home if we ever went to war with China or have they found there true Masters?
China Blocks the internet and controls it and it's use. So how do former Americans get such free access???
They lie! They pretend that they are ex-patriots and sow the seeds of discontent. The truth is that they are businessmen that are selling and buying products with the Chinese or worse yet, some disgruntled American on unemployment that would prefer to blame the US for their lot in life instead of looking in the mirror.
Reply:What do you mean by "former Americans" ?
Reply:No dear, I don't hate the USA, what I hate is all the disinformation about China that you and others spew.
My best defense of China is not what I say, but to come here for a visit. I know, I used to believe all the China crap till I came here and found out that we are fed a load of crap.
What most people know of China would fit in a thimble, what most people THINK they know would fit in a barrel.
China is little of what most think she is, and much of what we want her to be.
Finally, China could care less what I say on the net, who I email, who I communicate with. It is one hell of a lot more free then you can even imagine. As I said above, instead of taking my word for it, come here for a visit and find out for yourself. That's my best defense.
Tokyo Rose my azzzz.
Peace
Jim
.
Reply:Don't worry Thor girl, I am sure this will happen here too if Congress keeps caving in to bush.
Reply:They can keep their ideas in China,where they belong.
China Blocks the internet and controls it and it's use. So how do former Americans get such free access???
They lie! They pretend that they are ex-patriots and sow the seeds of discontent. The truth is that they are businessmen that are selling and buying products with the Chinese or worse yet, some disgruntled American on unemployment that would prefer to blame the US for their lot in life instead of looking in the mirror.
Reply:What do you mean by "former Americans" ?
Reply:No dear, I don't hate the USA, what I hate is all the disinformation about China that you and others spew.
My best defense of China is not what I say, but to come here for a visit. I know, I used to believe all the China crap till I came here and found out that we are fed a load of crap.
What most people know of China would fit in a thimble, what most people THINK they know would fit in a barrel.
China is little of what most think she is, and much of what we want her to be.
Finally, China could care less what I say on the net, who I email, who I communicate with. It is one hell of a lot more free then you can even imagine. As I said above, instead of taking my word for it, come here for a visit and find out for yourself. That's my best defense.
Tokyo Rose my azzzz.
Peace
Jim
.
Reply:Don't worry Thor girl, I am sure this will happen here too if Congress keeps caving in to bush.
Reply:They can keep their ideas in China,where they belong.
China records 11.1% GDP growth. Inflation 3%.Foreign exchange rate stable. Why other countries cannot replicat
Other emerging economies such as India are struggling to achieve this combination. Mexico once rose and then went bust. It happened with other South East Asian economies. What is the secret of China?
China records 11.1% GDP growth. Inflation 3%.Foreign exchange rate stable. Why other countries cannot replicat
The secret is not allowing anyone to check your GDP calculations. GDP = C + I + G + (IM - EX). Low consumption (for now relative to US), high savings? investment? (who knows?), high or low government spending (maybe, maybe not...again, who knows?) . Positive trade balance...sure, why not...everything but trade is taken at the Chinese government's word. It's like George Bush telling us that Iraq was making WMDs...fictitious.
Reply:Don't worry lah just print more cash will solve the problem, noone know about it. hehe today print techno are very advance. lol.Wat? your paper thinking is it? Oils nowadays is never affect by inflation or whatsoever. Ask bush, bushy also know about it. Are u sure just China only? Privacy it's everywhere. Singapore herself also too worse of all she stole her own citizen's hardwork for their own living too! A good day of LOL! again.
Reply:Seemingly endless supply of cheap labor and a willingness to cater to the global market and adapt new technologies and a lack of environmental and labor regulation. This too will cycle out as its lower classes develop upper-middle class expectations, and their definition of a living wage evolves.
Reply:the answer is simple. china is communist. it believes in first empowering its people and then entering the world economic system. so the educated economy and the adjustment of national priorities ensures that development is systematic, sustained and long term. countries like india and mexico, have seen booms only in one or two sectors of the economy and try to encash only on that. a couple of sectors do not make an economy. developing world will have to get their national economic and political priorities right before they think of integrating into the gloabl capitalist system.
Reply:Trade imbalance. We in the U.S. are gobbling up Chinese goods like crazy! AND Bush got us indebted to Chinese banks with loans for the war. :(
Reply:Truth is that China has, in history, always had the potential to be the leading nation on earth. This is due to both its population and its vast natural resources. Roughly 1,000 years ago China was the most advanced nation on earth.
Then after centuries of infighting and bad governments China has lagged behind the world while countries like America, UK, Germany has made advances.
Recently the government in China have improved (economically). They are finally managing the country more efficiently and due to the population and resources being plentiful huge strides forward are possible.
You must bare in mind that China is still quite poor when you look at the quality of life for its citizens. The double figure growth won't last forever but it should continue to do so until China has reached close to what its potentials indicate.
The balance is still very fragile and a few bad decisions in the future could send China crashing like the other countries you cited. There is a fine balance between government intervention and market economy in developing countries. When the balance is lost it all crashes terribly. Luckily, that balance is kept tentatively for the last 15-20 years in China. Who knows what will happen in the future.
Reply:there learders.
Reply:Well, two of their secrets are: (1) Copyright infringement, and (2) Digital piracy. China is the world's worst offender when it comes to illegal copies of software, video games, CDs, DVDs, and designer clothes and accessories. They estimate over 80% of the pirated software in the entire world comes from China. So one thing they're doing is selling illegal copies or cheap knock-offs to anyone who is dumb enough to buy them or simply doesn't care.
Reply:Actually what China does is they have a fixed rate exchange with other currencies so if one countries Currency devalues it still would have the same exchange rate. Many countries including the USA and Europe do not like it because china's economy is growing but it's exchange rate is not changing. In general with china's trade surplus their currency should start to come closer tothat of USA and Euro. Which would make labor prices go up and so on. In essence they are cheating so they can keep prices low so they can export a large amount of their goods. So long story short China is cheating the system
Reply:It is because in China everyone are forced to work in in labor camps as slaves and the army will kill everyone that tries to escape. We should invade China a long time ago.
Reply:First of all, it's relatively easy to get significant growth from an economic state that was previously depressed. When China started to embrace capitalism, they started to realize economin benifits. (along with the consequences of course) The true test will be to see how long they can sustain this growth after America stops subsidizing their prosperity with a grossly unequal trade balance.
China records 11.1% GDP growth. Inflation 3%.Foreign exchange rate stable. Why other countries cannot replicat
The secret is not allowing anyone to check your GDP calculations. GDP = C + I + G + (IM - EX). Low consumption (for now relative to US), high savings? investment? (who knows?), high or low government spending (maybe, maybe not...again, who knows?) . Positive trade balance...sure, why not...everything but trade is taken at the Chinese government's word. It's like George Bush telling us that Iraq was making WMDs...fictitious.
Reply:Don't worry lah just print more cash will solve the problem, noone know about it. hehe today print techno are very advance. lol.Wat? your paper thinking is it? Oils nowadays is never affect by inflation or whatsoever. Ask bush, bushy also know about it. Are u sure just China only? Privacy it's everywhere. Singapore herself also too worse of all she stole her own citizen's hardwork for their own living too! A good day of LOL! again.
Reply:Seemingly endless supply of cheap labor and a willingness to cater to the global market and adapt new technologies and a lack of environmental and labor regulation. This too will cycle out as its lower classes develop upper-middle class expectations, and their definition of a living wage evolves.
Reply:the answer is simple. china is communist. it believes in first empowering its people and then entering the world economic system. so the educated economy and the adjustment of national priorities ensures that development is systematic, sustained and long term. countries like india and mexico, have seen booms only in one or two sectors of the economy and try to encash only on that. a couple of sectors do not make an economy. developing world will have to get their national economic and political priorities right before they think of integrating into the gloabl capitalist system.
Reply:Trade imbalance. We in the U.S. are gobbling up Chinese goods like crazy! AND Bush got us indebted to Chinese banks with loans for the war. :(
Reply:Truth is that China has, in history, always had the potential to be the leading nation on earth. This is due to both its population and its vast natural resources. Roughly 1,000 years ago China was the most advanced nation on earth.
Then after centuries of infighting and bad governments China has lagged behind the world while countries like America, UK, Germany has made advances.
Recently the government in China have improved (economically). They are finally managing the country more efficiently and due to the population and resources being plentiful huge strides forward are possible.
You must bare in mind that China is still quite poor when you look at the quality of life for its citizens. The double figure growth won't last forever but it should continue to do so until China has reached close to what its potentials indicate.
The balance is still very fragile and a few bad decisions in the future could send China crashing like the other countries you cited. There is a fine balance between government intervention and market economy in developing countries. When the balance is lost it all crashes terribly. Luckily, that balance is kept tentatively for the last 15-20 years in China. Who knows what will happen in the future.
Reply:there learders.
Reply:Well, two of their secrets are: (1) Copyright infringement, and (2) Digital piracy. China is the world's worst offender when it comes to illegal copies of software, video games, CDs, DVDs, and designer clothes and accessories. They estimate over 80% of the pirated software in the entire world comes from China. So one thing they're doing is selling illegal copies or cheap knock-offs to anyone who is dumb enough to buy them or simply doesn't care.
Reply:Actually what China does is they have a fixed rate exchange with other currencies so if one countries Currency devalues it still would have the same exchange rate. Many countries including the USA and Europe do not like it because china's economy is growing but it's exchange rate is not changing. In general with china's trade surplus their currency should start to come closer tothat of USA and Euro. Which would make labor prices go up and so on. In essence they are cheating so they can keep prices low so they can export a large amount of their goods. So long story short China is cheating the system
Reply:It is because in China everyone are forced to work in in labor camps as slaves and the army will kill everyone that tries to escape. We should invade China a long time ago.
Reply:First of all, it's relatively easy to get significant growth from an economic state that was previously depressed. When China started to embrace capitalism, they started to realize economin benifits. (along with the consequences of course) The true test will be to see how long they can sustain this growth after America stops subsidizing their prosperity with a grossly unequal trade balance.
I need to identify a Bone China mark on the bottom of a ornamental shoe, please!!?
It has the letters M R with a crown over the M and Bone China written beneath. The shoe is white with fluted edging and a raised rose and primrose with leaves on the front of the shoe. Please could you help?
I need to identify a Bone China mark on the bottom of a ornamental shoe, please!!?
The words "Bone China" date it as after 1900. My guess is that it is a Staffordshire mark. The M mark with a simple crown over the top was an old Spanish mark of the Cappo di monte factory and it may be a copy of this mark.
Reply:I could do with seeing the mark but thanks for marking. I do hope you find out more Report It
Reply:With the words Bone China it's 20th Century but I can't find a maker. The Cappo di monte mark is a Crown with an N below so I don't think that's the right one. I would suggest a good antiques shop they should have a book on ceramic marks, alternatively you could try wading through a ceramic mark directory but it may take some time, have a look at:
http://www.ceramic-link.de/Seiten/ICD-Hi...
I need to identify a Bone China mark on the bottom of a ornamental shoe, please!!?
The words "Bone China" date it as after 1900. My guess is that it is a Staffordshire mark. The M mark with a simple crown over the top was an old Spanish mark of the Cappo di monte factory and it may be a copy of this mark.
Reply:I could do with seeing the mark but thanks for marking. I do hope you find out more Report It
Reply:With the words Bone China it's 20th Century but I can't find a maker. The Cappo di monte mark is a Crown with an N below so I don't think that's the right one. I would suggest a good antiques shop they should have a book on ceramic marks, alternatively you could try wading through a ceramic mark directory but it may take some time, have a look at:
http://www.ceramic-link.de/Seiten/ICD-Hi...
Do you think getting cheaper products from China like electronics is making up for all the other rising costs?
Bernanke says there is no inflation, he says that's what the numbers say? Are the numbers accurate. It seems even though things I buy once in a while, like products from China, are not going up, other things I use everyday are going up much faster. Things I use everyday like energy, education, health care, rent, housing prices, food prices, services like financial, fees from banks, etc. Yes, products from China are cheap, but I only buy those things once in a while whereas basic services, things I use everyday are going up at double-digit amounts. My costs overall are going up much faster than the so-called CPI? Do you see it that way on another way?
Do you think getting cheaper products from China like electronics is making up for all the other rising costs?
I see just what you see! China products have always been and will always be complete crap. Use them a few times and they fall apart. The Chinese do not innovate and can only copy or steal technology. On top of that they are just plain cheap....just think of the cardboard and pork fat buns they were selling to their own people in Beijing just last week.
Bernanke and Paulson are full of crap. The Us is printing cash and, with the help of Paulson, putting a damper on gold.
Please look into investing in high dividend commodity stocks like PCU and DHT. They can help you offset the inflation that folks say does not exist (but does). nm
Reply:I agree; inflation is a reality. Bernanke is lying. Things would be much worse if we didn't have cheap Chinese manufactured goods. Chinese products are incorporated into a lot of things that you don't directly see the 'made in China' label on. The real reason these prices are skyrocketing is that corporate execs are paying themselves record salaries. In order to get those salaries while maintaining some value for shareholders, they have to gouge us peasants. The government is not protecting us. Maximum corporate exec salaries should be a function of a company's market cap and/or profits. Corporations are government subsidized entities, and should be controlled as such.
For inflation, we have to blame:
1. The US government
2. Corporate America
#2 is only the spoiled rich kid of #1 that gets a hefty allowance, so we can not expect #2 to do anything that helps the economy overall. The onus is therefore on #1. If the government doesn't step in within the next few years and reign in its coke-addicted, greedy kid, say goodbye to US economic hegemony.
Gold is totally irrelevant to the current US economic issues. Ron Paul, what have you done? Gold is just a piece of metal. It can't bail us out when CEOs are paying themselves $50 million a year and the government just twiddles its proverbial thumbs.
flowers funeral
Do you think getting cheaper products from China like electronics is making up for all the other rising costs?
I see just what you see! China products have always been and will always be complete crap. Use them a few times and they fall apart. The Chinese do not innovate and can only copy or steal technology. On top of that they are just plain cheap....just think of the cardboard and pork fat buns they were selling to their own people in Beijing just last week.
Bernanke and Paulson are full of crap. The Us is printing cash and, with the help of Paulson, putting a damper on gold.
Please look into investing in high dividend commodity stocks like PCU and DHT. They can help you offset the inflation that folks say does not exist (but does). nm
Reply:I agree; inflation is a reality. Bernanke is lying. Things would be much worse if we didn't have cheap Chinese manufactured goods. Chinese products are incorporated into a lot of things that you don't directly see the 'made in China' label on. The real reason these prices are skyrocketing is that corporate execs are paying themselves record salaries. In order to get those salaries while maintaining some value for shareholders, they have to gouge us peasants. The government is not protecting us. Maximum corporate exec salaries should be a function of a company's market cap and/or profits. Corporations are government subsidized entities, and should be controlled as such.
For inflation, we have to blame:
1. The US government
2. Corporate America
#2 is only the spoiled rich kid of #1 that gets a hefty allowance, so we can not expect #2 to do anything that helps the economy overall. The onus is therefore on #1. If the government doesn't step in within the next few years and reign in its coke-addicted, greedy kid, say goodbye to US economic hegemony.
Gold is totally irrelevant to the current US economic issues. Ron Paul, what have you done? Gold is just a piece of metal. It can't bail us out when CEOs are paying themselves $50 million a year and the government just twiddles its proverbial thumbs.
flowers funeral
Does anyone know anything bout Harley Davidson opening a dealership in China..?
BEIJING, Jan. 21 -- Harley-Davidson Inc, the biggest US motorcycle maker, plans to open its first dealership in China this year, as international growth leads the company's sales gains.
The firm will provide details on the new dealer in the coming months, Chief Executive Officer Jim Ziemer told analysts on Friday on a conference call about fourth-quarter earnings.
"They're going to take everything very slow in China," said Rick Drake, who manages a US$1.3 billion equity fund for ABN Amro in Chicago that includes more than 700,000 Harley-Davidson shares. "It's probably going to be a decade before China is meaningful to them."
Harley-Davidson said international sales of its motorcycles rose 15 per cent last year, compared with a US gain of 4.2 per cent. The Milwaukee-based company still gets four of every five of those sales in the United States and is trying to expand in other countries. Last year, it reorganized its sales operation in Germany to boost Europe
Does anyone know anything bout Harley Davidson opening a dealership in China..?
no
Reply:nope
Reply:Makes sense. They buy our crap, we buy theirs.
The firm will provide details on the new dealer in the coming months, Chief Executive Officer Jim Ziemer told analysts on Friday on a conference call about fourth-quarter earnings.
"They're going to take everything very slow in China," said Rick Drake, who manages a US$1.3 billion equity fund for ABN Amro in Chicago that includes more than 700,000 Harley-Davidson shares. "It's probably going to be a decade before China is meaningful to them."
Harley-Davidson said international sales of its motorcycles rose 15 per cent last year, compared with a US gain of 4.2 per cent. The Milwaukee-based company still gets four of every five of those sales in the United States and is trying to expand in other countries. Last year, it reorganized its sales operation in Germany to boost Europe
Does anyone know anything bout Harley Davidson opening a dealership in China..?
no
Reply:nope
Reply:Makes sense. They buy our crap, we buy theirs.
Rising Sun Anger Release Bar - Nanjing, China?
What is the address and telephone number of the restaurant above? I have looked and been unsuccessful. Just alot of articles written on it but no address. Thanks.
Rising Sun Anger Release Bar - Nanjing, China?
CHECK THE PHONE NUMBERS IN THE PHONE BOOK AT THE LIBRARY OR ASK YOU LONG DISTANCE OPERATOR------GOOD LUCK
AB
Reply:sorry I too have not been able to locate this bar. Why don't you eat somewhere else?
I know a great Chinese in England.
Hope this helps(bit i have a funny feeling it won't-sorry)
Rising Sun Anger Release Bar - Nanjing, China?
CHECK THE PHONE NUMBERS IN THE PHONE BOOK AT THE LIBRARY OR ASK YOU LONG DISTANCE OPERATOR------GOOD LUCK
AB
Reply:sorry I too have not been able to locate this bar. Why don't you eat somewhere else?
I know a great Chinese in England.
Hope this helps(bit i have a funny feeling it won't-sorry)
How does China feed its 1.3 billion people everyday?
I just took a trip to China over the past summer and noticed that food costs were really high. Real estate, cars, and now food have become large expenses in China. I'm wondering if economics is playing a role in this equation. Chinese told me that they come into the cities to find work because there is little or no money in agriculture and there is a division between the east and west. Most of the west is very poor and it is agricultural and the west is industrious and has most of the money and people are leaving their homes in the west for a better life in the east. I'm wondering if that is the reason food prices have gone higher, the Chinese government said it rose 12% last year. I'm just wondering how they can feed so many people, how do they do it?
How does China feed its 1.3 billion people everyday?
The food costs of that is in the city and what is in the countryside is not the same.
Food costs are much higher in the city.
In the countryside also people also grow there own food, or they raise there own chickens, hens, pigs etc..
Reply:Have you every read 'Cloudy with a Chance of Meat Balls' by Judith Barrett?
You should...then you'll understand...
Thats how China gets fed everyday, food falls from the sky, it's awesome! sometimes it' Rice Noodles, sometimes white rice with a little beef, and sometimes been curd with a little stir fry vegetable. The end is always followed by a nice shower of tea...
unfortunately, the city air can be polluted, some people die of what the US calls 'Starvation', when all it really is...is that the person's food just went through the wrong air.
Reply:Well, like you said, the East are wealthier so they can afford the food. The Western part of China are poorer but they grow their own food there. So, everybody is fed.
It is an amazing that China is managed to feed its 1.3 Billion people. No other country has done it.
Reply:Considering a food crisis going on, it is no small achivement to keep 1/5 of world population from hunger. Much more difficult to lift them out of poverty.
Reply:a really big cafeteria?
Reply:They use food.
Reply:When I went there for a year I saw that there are actually several ways they grow food to support their population.
1. Use the land effectively. If you travel around you will see plans growing in any space large enough to spread some seeds. In the small town I was in, if there was any dirt it was used.
2. Schedule. I saw them plan corn really early in the spring and harvest it between 90-120 days later. Then they would plant summer wheat and harvest that around the end of Oct. That way they got more food per acre.
3. Import. I heard on the news that China was having a food surplus and that they did not have to impost as much corn and wheat for the US and other countries.
Those are what I actually saw there. I am sure there are other things like in the South where they raise rice it is warm year round and so they can raise it year round. Also out west is where most of your plains (like the mid west in America) are so they can grow lots of food there since it is not as heavily populated as Eastern (the oldest part) China.
How does China feed its 1.3 billion people everyday?
The food costs of that is in the city and what is in the countryside is not the same.
Food costs are much higher in the city.
In the countryside also people also grow there own food, or they raise there own chickens, hens, pigs etc..
Reply:Have you every read 'Cloudy with a Chance of Meat Balls' by Judith Barrett?
You should...then you'll understand...
Thats how China gets fed everyday, food falls from the sky, it's awesome! sometimes it' Rice Noodles, sometimes white rice with a little beef, and sometimes been curd with a little stir fry vegetable. The end is always followed by a nice shower of tea...
unfortunately, the city air can be polluted, some people die of what the US calls 'Starvation', when all it really is...is that the person's food just went through the wrong air.
Reply:Well, like you said, the East are wealthier so they can afford the food. The Western part of China are poorer but they grow their own food there. So, everybody is fed.
It is an amazing that China is managed to feed its 1.3 Billion people. No other country has done it.
Reply:Considering a food crisis going on, it is no small achivement to keep 1/5 of world population from hunger. Much more difficult to lift them out of poverty.
Reply:a really big cafeteria?
Reply:They use food.
Reply:When I went there for a year I saw that there are actually several ways they grow food to support their population.
1. Use the land effectively. If you travel around you will see plans growing in any space large enough to spread some seeds. In the small town I was in, if there was any dirt it was used.
2. Schedule. I saw them plan corn really early in the spring and harvest it between 90-120 days later. Then they would plant summer wheat and harvest that around the end of Oct. That way they got more food per acre.
3. Import. I heard on the news that China was having a food surplus and that they did not have to impost as much corn and wheat for the US and other countries.
Those are what I actually saw there. I am sure there are other things like in the South where they raise rice it is warm year round and so they can raise it year round. Also out west is where most of your plains (like the mid west in America) are so they can grow lots of food there since it is not as heavily populated as Eastern (the oldest part) China.
Who likes this China?
http://www.royaldoulton.com/website/prod...
I've searched all the engines for "fine china" or "bone china" but I haven't found anything super. I love Royal Albert's Moonlight Rose, but its not available close to me or online (at a reputable dealer). I love this pattern, but fiance isn't crazy about it. I can't believe how much time I'm spending on finding a pattern- ah. So, please recommend sites if you dont like this one.
Who likes this China?
I love it! its GORGEOUS!
Reply:it is considered an extremely feminine design. have you looked at lenox designs?
Reply:It is very feminine, but thats just my thoughts on it. It should reflect you and your fiance and you should both agree on it.
Try Macy's They sell Lenox as the person before me suggested which is a fine line of China and they also have many more.
http://www1.macys.com/catalog/index.ognc...
Reply:You really must agree on a pattern, this is something the two of you will be using for many years to come. This one is very feminine, which is probably why your fiance doesn't care for it.
Try going to one of the nicer department stores in your area and see what you two like. I don't know where you are, but Macy's, Bloomingdale's, Nordstrom's - all have china.
Good luck!
Reply:I think it's lovely, but I can see why your guy doesn't like it, it's pretty feminine and fussy.
Maybe go with a classic silver border on white - and then you can mix patterned serving pieces.
http://www.royaldoulton.com/website/prod...
or this just has a slight pattern
http://www.royaldoulton.com/website/prod...
Reply:it is too lady like and i dont blame your fiance for not liking it either. i agree with the person who posted above me also.
Reply:Just my opinion, but it's really matronly looking. The dusty rose %26amp; the flowers are just . . . so Grandma.
Have you looked at Nordstrom, Bloomingdales, Saks, Macy's . . . maybe something your fiance would like more as well. It could just be my taste because I like clean lines and bold patterns, but I'm a girl and that's WAY too feminine for me.
If you really want flowers, could you do it a bit bolder
http://www1.macys.com/catalog/product/in...
http://www1.macys.com/catalog/product/in...
http://www1.macys.com/catalog/product/in...
Reply:I'm sorry, I do not like that china. I can't imagine a man ever liking it or anything like it. If you really like that china, why not get a teapot and tea cups and maybe some dessert plates for when you have female guests?
For dinnerware, why don't you try looking at Macy's for white or platinum/gold banded china. It's much more gender neutral.
http://www1.macys.com/catalog/index.ognc...
Reply:DO NOT choose a pattern that your fiance does not like!! This is so foofey and girlie...get something a bit more sophisticated...this is what little old ladies who live alone choose
Reply:It isn't my style (a little old ladyish), but if your fiance doesn't like it, I think it is out.
Here is a more subtle pink pattern:
http://www.waterford.com/shop/collection...
This is as ornate as the one you picked, but not pink so a less girlie:
http://www.wedgwoodusa.com/shop/collecti...
A less overwhelming floral:
http://www1.macys.com/catalog/product/in...
Bright colors like the one you picked, but more modern:
http://www1.macys.com/catalog/product/in...
Reply:i think it lovely
Reply:Sorry, I don't like that on at all. It's just not my taste.
Try
http://www.mikasaandcompany.com/control/...
http://www.lenox.com/cat/index.cfm?fusea...
office table
I've searched all the engines for "fine china" or "bone china" but I haven't found anything super. I love Royal Albert's Moonlight Rose, but its not available close to me or online (at a reputable dealer). I love this pattern, but fiance isn't crazy about it. I can't believe how much time I'm spending on finding a pattern- ah. So, please recommend sites if you dont like this one.
Who likes this China?
I love it! its GORGEOUS!
Reply:it is considered an extremely feminine design. have you looked at lenox designs?
Reply:It is very feminine, but thats just my thoughts on it. It should reflect you and your fiance and you should both agree on it.
Try Macy's They sell Lenox as the person before me suggested which is a fine line of China and they also have many more.
http://www1.macys.com/catalog/index.ognc...
Reply:You really must agree on a pattern, this is something the two of you will be using for many years to come. This one is very feminine, which is probably why your fiance doesn't care for it.
Try going to one of the nicer department stores in your area and see what you two like. I don't know where you are, but Macy's, Bloomingdale's, Nordstrom's - all have china.
Good luck!
Reply:I think it's lovely, but I can see why your guy doesn't like it, it's pretty feminine and fussy.
Maybe go with a classic silver border on white - and then you can mix patterned serving pieces.
http://www.royaldoulton.com/website/prod...
or this just has a slight pattern
http://www.royaldoulton.com/website/prod...
Reply:it is too lady like and i dont blame your fiance for not liking it either. i agree with the person who posted above me also.
Reply:Just my opinion, but it's really matronly looking. The dusty rose %26amp; the flowers are just . . . so Grandma.
Have you looked at Nordstrom, Bloomingdales, Saks, Macy's . . . maybe something your fiance would like more as well. It could just be my taste because I like clean lines and bold patterns, but I'm a girl and that's WAY too feminine for me.
If you really want flowers, could you do it a bit bolder
http://www1.macys.com/catalog/product/in...
http://www1.macys.com/catalog/product/in...
http://www1.macys.com/catalog/product/in...
Reply:I'm sorry, I do not like that china. I can't imagine a man ever liking it or anything like it. If you really like that china, why not get a teapot and tea cups and maybe some dessert plates for when you have female guests?
For dinnerware, why don't you try looking at Macy's for white or platinum/gold banded china. It's much more gender neutral.
http://www1.macys.com/catalog/index.ognc...
Reply:DO NOT choose a pattern that your fiance does not like!! This is so foofey and girlie...get something a bit more sophisticated...this is what little old ladies who live alone choose
Reply:It isn't my style (a little old ladyish), but if your fiance doesn't like it, I think it is out.
Here is a more subtle pink pattern:
http://www.waterford.com/shop/collection...
This is as ornate as the one you picked, but not pink so a less girlie:
http://www.wedgwoodusa.com/shop/collecti...
A less overwhelming floral:
http://www1.macys.com/catalog/product/in...
Bright colors like the one you picked, but more modern:
http://www1.macys.com/catalog/product/in...
Reply:i think it lovely
Reply:Sorry, I don't like that on at all. It's just not my taste.
Try
http://www.mikasaandcompany.com/control/...
http://www.lenox.com/cat/index.cfm?fusea...
office table
China to hike gasoline, diesel by 10-11 pct on May 24?
(Reuters, May 23 ,2006)BEIJING - China will raise retail gasoline and diesel prices from Wednesday to take them 15 percent higher so far this year, not enough to stop refiners from making losses and likely to slightly hit consumer demand growth.The increases mean the retail price of gasoline and diesel will rise by 500 yuan ($62.37) per tonne, up 9.6 and 11.1 percent, and ex-refinery prices for the motor fuels will go up by the same margin, an industry official told Reuters on Tuesday.
"Increases at this level could hurt demand. Industrial users will have to struggle to pass on the cost to their customers, or will be forced to switch to cheaper fuels," said the industry official with top refiner Sinopec Corp.
Shares of China's largest refiner Sinopec (0386.HK: Quote, Profile, Research) climbed 3.31 percent at HK$4.675 on Tuesday, while PetroChina (0857.HK: Quote, Profile, Research) rose 1.2 source:http://www.zoomchina.com.cn/index.php?/c...
China to hike gasoline, diesel by 10-11 pct on May 24?
Looks like months-old news to me. What's your point?
Reply:How does this affect you? Can you delineate strategic global implications and also the existing oil situation of the world today? That would really benefit all of us. Reuters reports and other reports too, duly updated, are already available to most of us.
Reply:the best solution is to find alternative to gasoline maybe engine .....by water.
"Increases at this level could hurt demand. Industrial users will have to struggle to pass on the cost to their customers, or will be forced to switch to cheaper fuels," said the industry official with top refiner Sinopec Corp.
Shares of China's largest refiner Sinopec (0386.HK: Quote, Profile, Research) climbed 3.31 percent at HK$4.675 on Tuesday, while PetroChina (0857.HK: Quote, Profile, Research) rose 1.2 source:http://www.zoomchina.com.cn/index.php?/c...
China to hike gasoline, diesel by 10-11 pct on May 24?
Looks like months-old news to me. What's your point?
Reply:How does this affect you? Can you delineate strategic global implications and also the existing oil situation of the world today? That would really benefit all of us. Reuters reports and other reports too, duly updated, are already available to most of us.
Reply:the best solution is to find alternative to gasoline maybe engine .....by water.
HELP...I need to know the value of my china and for someone to help sell it???
The china set I have is white. All the pieces have a beautiful pink rose on them with 6 rose petals. The outter edge of each piece has a silver plated lining and there is also a center silver lining in the center of each piece. The set is complete. There are 74 pieces to this set. 12 Dinner plates, 11 deep dish plates, 14 small saucers,, 12 large saucers, 2 serving bowls, 12 small bowls and 11 tea cups. On the bottom of each piece the signature stamp is a "lion wearing a crown holding the letter "T". It also says "Gegr 1794". "Konigl.pr.Tettau". "Bavaria Germany" Can you please tell me a bit about this set I have and possible what it is worth?
HELP...I need to know the value of my china and for someone to help sell it???
A little history of the pottery.
Nestled in the Thuringia Forest of Bavaria there is a small town called Tettau. There, in 1794, the king of Prussia, Frederick William II, granted a "privilege" to the newly established porcelain makers that allowed them to use the name "royal" when describing their products.
More specifically, Tettau is actually located in the Mountain Department of Bayreuth and today the world knows these products as "Royal Bayreuth." Part of their mark usually reads "priv 1794" or "konigl pr. Tettau" (for "king's privilege Tettau"), and this refers to this important royal grant.
Below is a link to Replacements index of patterns for Royal Bayreuth china. If you can't identify the pattern I think if you send them a close up picture they can identify if for you. Also the prices there are what they're charging for each piece. That would depend on the age and rarity of the pattern. If you chose to sell it to them you wouldn't get that much. Good luck.
http://www.replacements.com/china/ROB.ht...
Reply:check ebay for similar items
Reply:its from the 1930,S to the 1940,S need to see a pic.
i wood say from not seeing it 5000 but its may be over 20000
go on ebay to see what it will go for some one may have i look a like then you will no
Reply:nope never heard of the signature.
HELP...I need to know the value of my china and for someone to help sell it???
A little history of the pottery.
Nestled in the Thuringia Forest of Bavaria there is a small town called Tettau. There, in 1794, the king of Prussia, Frederick William II, granted a "privilege" to the newly established porcelain makers that allowed them to use the name "royal" when describing their products.
More specifically, Tettau is actually located in the Mountain Department of Bayreuth and today the world knows these products as "Royal Bayreuth." Part of their mark usually reads "priv 1794" or "konigl pr. Tettau" (for "king's privilege Tettau"), and this refers to this important royal grant.
Below is a link to Replacements index of patterns for Royal Bayreuth china. If you can't identify the pattern I think if you send them a close up picture they can identify if for you. Also the prices there are what they're charging for each piece. That would depend on the age and rarity of the pattern. If you chose to sell it to them you wouldn't get that much. Good luck.
http://www.replacements.com/china/ROB.ht...
Reply:check ebay for similar items
Reply:its from the 1930,S to the 1940,S need to see a pic.
i wood say from not seeing it 5000 but its may be over 20000
go on ebay to see what it will go for some one may have i look a like then you will no
Reply:nope never heard of the signature.
Why are the islands in the South China Sea so steep?
What is it about the geology of the islands that causes the multitude of sharp, steep peaks to rise so abruptly from the South China Sea off the coast of Thailand, etc.?
Why are the islands in the South China Sea so steep?
They are shaped like that because they are covered by a hard nonerodible rock on top of a softer more erodable rock. The hard cap rock protects the softer rock underneath like an umbrella. What ever is exposed in the softer rock weathers away.
Reply:They are volcanic peaks
Why are the islands in the South China Sea so steep?
They are shaped like that because they are covered by a hard nonerodible rock on top of a softer more erodable rock. The hard cap rock protects the softer rock underneath like an umbrella. What ever is exposed in the softer rock weathers away.
Reply:They are volcanic peaks
CHINA!!! Would anyone have an idea what this might be worth?
The china set I have is white. All the pieces have a beautiful pink rose on them with 6 rose petals. The outter edge of each piece has a silver plated lining and there is also a center silver lining in the center of each piece. The set is complete. There are 74 pieces to this set. 12 Dinner plates, 11 deep dish plates, 14 small saucers,, 12 large saucers, 2 serving bowls, 12 small bowls and 11 tea cups. On the bottom of each piece the signature stamp is a "lion wearing a crown holding the letter "T". It also says "Gegr 1794". "Konigl.pr.Tettau". "Bavaria Germany" Can you please tell me a bit about this set I have and possible what it is worth?
CHINA!!! Would anyone have an idea what this might be worth?
Here is a link to a similar item for sale on line. This may give you an idea of the price and also this may be a good way to sell you china.
Dancing
CHINA!!! Would anyone have an idea what this might be worth?
Here is a link to a similar item for sale on line. This may give you an idea of the price and also this may be a good way to sell you china.
Dancing
I have a china set that I would like to know the value of?
The china set I have is white. All the pieces have a beautiful pink rose on them with 6 rose petals. The outter edge of each piece has a silver plated lining and there is also a center silver lining in the center of each piece. The set is complete. There are 74 pieces to this set. 12 Dinner plates, 11 deep dish plates, 14 small saucers,, 12 large saucers, 2 serving bowls, 12 small bowls and 11 tea cups. On the bottom of each piece the signature stamp is a "lion wearing a crown holding the letter "T". It also says "Gegr 1794". "Konigl.pr.Tettau". "Bavaria Germany" Can you please tell me a bit about this set I have and possible what it is worth?
I have a china set that I would like to know the value of?
What you have is Royal Tettau ROSE CLASSIC.
ONE dinner plate is worth at least $38.00.
The salad plates are worth about $24.00 or so.
Cup %26amp; Saucer is worth about $55.00 (together)
Bread %26amp; Butter plate is worth about $18.00
Teapot is worth at least $35.00.
This assumes all pieces are in MINT condition.
Hope that helps.
Reply:Sounds good and do put it up for bid on e-bay.
A 12 piece setting should be a couple $100.
You might be able to see the price you should ask....by seeing the same on e-bay or other auction sites.
I have a china set that I would like to know the value of?
What you have is Royal Tettau ROSE CLASSIC.
ONE dinner plate is worth at least $38.00.
The salad plates are worth about $24.00 or so.
Cup %26amp; Saucer is worth about $55.00 (together)
Bread %26amp; Butter plate is worth about $18.00
Teapot is worth at least $35.00.
This assumes all pieces are in MINT condition.
Hope that helps.
Reply:Sounds good and do put it up for bid on e-bay.
A 12 piece setting should be a couple $100.
You might be able to see the price you should ask....by seeing the same on e-bay or other auction sites.
People's Republic of China?
CHINA
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Head of state: Hu Jintao
Head of government: Wen Jiabao
Death penalty: retentionist
International Criminal Court: not ratified
An increased number of lawyers and journalists were harassed, detained, and jailed. Thousands of people who pursued their faith outside officially sanctioned churches were subjected to harassment and many to detention and imprisonment. Thousands of people were sentenced to death or executed. Migrants from rural areas were deprived of basic rights. Severe repression of Uighurs in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region continued, and freedom of expression and religion continued to be severely restricted in Tibet and among Tibetans elsewhere.
International community
Before China's election to the new UN Human Rights Council, it made a number of human rights-related pledges, including ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and active co-operation with the UN on human rights. Chinese companies continued to export arms to countries where they were likely to be used for serious human rights abuses, including Sudan and Myanmar.
Human rights defenders
The government crackdown on lawyers and housing rights activists intensified. Many human rights defenders were subjected to lengthy periods of arbitrary detention without charge, as well as harassment by the police or by local gangs apparently condoned by the police. Many lived under near constant surveillance or house arrest and members of their families were increasingly targeted. New regulations restricted the ability of lawyers to represent groups of victims and to participate in collective petitions.
• Gao Zhisheng, an outspoken human rights lawyer, had his law practice suspended in November 2005. He was detained in August 2006 and remained in incommunicado detention at an unknown location until his trial in December 2006. In October he was formally arrested on charges of "inciting subversion", and in December he was sentenced to three years' imprisonment, suspended for five years.
Journalists and Internet users
The government's crackdown on journalists, writers, and Internet users intensified. Numerous popular newspapers and journals were shut down. Hundreds of international websites remained blocked and thousands of Chinese websites were shut down. Dozens of journalists were detained for reporting on sensitive issues.
The government strengthened systems for blocking, filtering, and monitoring the flow of information. New regulations came into effect requiring foreign news agencies to gain approval from China's official news agency in order to publish any news. Many foreign journalists were detained for short periods.
Discrimination against rural migrants
Rural migrant workers in China's cities faced wide-ranging discrimination. Despite official commitment to resolve the problem, millions of migrant workers were still owed back pay. The vast majority were excluded from urban health insurance schemes and could not afford private health care. Access to public education remained tenuous for millions of migrant children, in contrast to other urban residents. An estimated
20 million migrant children were unable to live with their parents in the cities in part because of insecure schooling.
• Beijing municipal authorities closed dozens of migrant schools in September, affecting thousands of migrant children. While authorities claimed to have targeted unregistered and sub-standard schools, onerous demands made it nearly impossible for migrant schools to be registered. Some school staff believed the closures were aimed at reducing the migrant population in Beijing ahead of the 2008 Olympics.
Violence and discrimination against women
Violence and discrimination against women remained severe. The disadvantaged economic and social status of women and girls was evident in employment, health care and education. Women were laid off in larger numbers than men from failing state enterprises. Women accounted for 60 per cent of rural labourers and had fewer non-agricultural opportunities than men. The absence of gender-sensitive anti-HIV/AIDS policies contributed to a significant rise in female HIV/AIDS cases in 2006. Only 43 per cent of girls in rural areas completed education above lower middle school, compared with 61 per cent of boys.
Despite strengthened laws and government efforts to combat human trafficking, it remained pervasive, with an estimated 90 per cent of cases being women and children trafficked for sexual exploitation.
• Chen Guangcheng, a blind, self-trained lawyer, was sentenced in August to a prison term of four years and three months on charges of "damaging public property and gathering people to stop traffic". He had been arbitrarily confined to his home since September 2005 in connection with his advocacy on behalf of women undergoing forced abortions in Shandong Province. On appeal, the guilty verdict was overturned and the case sent back to the lower court for retrial, but the lower court upheld the original sentence.
Repression of spiritual and religious groups
The government continued to crack down on religious observance outside officially sanctioned channels. Thousands of members of underground protestant "house churches" and unofficial Catholic churches were detained, many of whom were ill-treated or tortured in detention. Members of the Falun Gong spiritual movement were detained and assigned to administrative detention for their beliefs, and continued to be at high risk of torture or ill-treatment.
• Bu Dongwei, a Falun Gong practitioner, was assigned to two and a half years' Re-education through Labour in June for "activities relating to a banned organization" after police discovered Falun Gong literature at his home. He had been working for a US aid organization when he was detained.
• Pastor Zhang Rongliang, an underground church leader who had been repeatedly detained and imprisoned since 1976, was sentenced in June to seven and a half years' imprisonment on charges of illegally crossing the border and fraudulently obtaining a passport.
Death penalty
The death penalty continued to be used extensively to punish around 68 crimes, including economic and non-violent crimes. Based on public reports, AI estimated that at least 1,010 people were executed and 2,790 sentenced to death during 2006, although the true figures were believed to be much higher.
The National People's Congress passed a law reinstating a final review of all death penalty cases by the Supreme People's Court from 2007. Commentators believed this would lead to a reduction in miscarriages of justice and use of the death penalty.
Executions by lethal injection rose, facilitating the extraction of organs from executed prisoners, a lucrative business. In November a deputy minister announced that the majority of transplanted organs came from executed prisoners. In July new regulations banned the buying and selling of organs and required written consent from donors for organ removal.
• Xu Shuangfu, the leader of an unofficial Protestant group called "Three Grades of Servants", was executed along with 11 others in November after being convicted of murdering 20 members of another group, "Eastern Lightning", in 2003-4. Xu Shuangfu reportedly claimed that he had confessed under torture during police interrogation and that the torture had included beatings with heavy chains and sticks, electric shocks to the toes, fingers and genitals and forced injection of hot pepper, gasoline and ginger into the nose. Both the first instance and appeal courts reportedly refused to allow his lawyers to introduce these allegations as evidence in his defence.
Torture, arbitrary detention and unfair trials
Torture and ill-treatment remained widespread. Common methods included kicking, beating, electric shocks, suspension by the arms, shackling in painful positions, cigarette burns, and sleep and food deprivation. In November a senior official admitted that at least 30 wrongful convictions handed down each year resulted from the use of torture, with the true number likely being higher. There was no progress in efforts to reform the Re-education through Labour system of administrative detention without charge or trial. Hundreds of thousands of people were believed to be held in Re-education through Labour facilities across China and were at risk of torture and ill-treatment. In May 2006, the Beijing city authorities announced their intention to extend their use of Re-education through Labour as a way to control "offending behaviour" and to clean up the city's image ahead of the Olympics.
• Ye Guozhu was sentenced to four years' imprisonment in 2004 for his opposition to forced evictions in Beijing associated with construction for the Olympic games. It emerged during 2006 that Ye had been tortured while in detention. He was reportedly suspended from the ceiling by the arms and beaten repeatedly by police in Dongcheng district detention centre, Beijing, and also reportedly tortured in another prison in the second half of 2005.
Uighurs in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region
Government authorities in Xinjiang continued to severely repress the Uighur community and to deny their human rights, including freedom of religion and access to education. An increased number of Uighurs were extradited to China from Central Asia, reflecting growing pressure by China on governments in the region. Seventeen Uighurs remained in detention in Guantánamo Bay.
• The family of exiled former prisoner of conscience Rebiya Kadeer continued to be targeted by the Chinese authorities. On 26 November her son Ablikim Abdiriyim, detained in Xinjiang awaiting trial on charges of "subversion" and tax evasion, was seen being carried out of Tianshan District Detention
Centre, apparently in need of medical attention. On 27 November her sons Alim and Kahar Abdiriyim were fined heavily and Alim sentenced to seven years' imprisonment on charges of tax evasion.
• Husein Celil, a Canadian citizen who fled China in the 1990s as a refugee, was arrested in Uzbekistan and extradited to China in June. He was reportedly accused of "terrorism" and denied access to family or consular representatives.
Tibetans
Tibetans in the Tibet Autonomous Region and other areas experienced severe restrictions on their rights to freedom of religious belief, expression and association, and discrimination in employment. Many were detained or imprisoned for observing their religion or expressing opinions, including Tibetan Buddhist monks and nuns. Excessive use of force against Tibetans seeking to flee repression in Tibet continued. In September witnesses saw Chinese border patrol guards shooting at a group of Tibetans attempting to reach Nepal. At least one child was confirmed killed.
• Woeser, a leading Tibetan intellectual, had her weblog shut down several times after she raised questions about China's role in Tibet.
• Sonam Gyalpo, a former monk, was sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment in mid-2006 for "endangering state security" after the authorities found videos of the Dalai Lama and other "incriminating materials" in his house. His family learned of his trial and sentencing when they tried to visit him in detention.
North Korean refugees
Approximately 100,000 North Koreans were reportedly hiding in China. The authorities arrested and deported an estimated 150-300 each week without ever referring cases to UNHCR, the UN refugee agency. They also reportedly implemented a system of rewards for turning in North Koreans and heavy fines for supporting them. In September a new crackdown was reported on North Koreans residing illegally in China.
Abuse of North Korean women in China was widely reported, including cases of systematic rape and prostitution. North Korean women were reportedly sold as brides to Chinese men for between US$880 and US$1,890. Some women knew they were being sold into marriage but did not know how harsh conditions in China would be. Others were lured across the border by marriage brokers posing as merchants.
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
All 14 South Koreans charged with "unlawful assembly" after protesting outside World Trade Organization meetings in December 2005 were acquitted in early 2006, sparking renewed calls for an independent inquiry into the actions of the police during the protests.
The UN Human Rights Committee and the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women reviewed the human rights situation in Hong Kong in March and August respectively. Both made several recommendations for reform.
In September, the Hong Kong Court of Appeal upheld a lower court ruling that laws providing a higher age of consent for sexual relations for gay men than for heterosexuals were discriminatory. The authorities announced that they would not appeal the case further.
Asylum-seekers continued to be refused entry without adequate consideration of their claims. Others were detained for over-staying their visas or other immigration offences. Despite lobbying from human rights and social welfare groups, the authorities confirmed that there were no plans to extend the UN Refugee Convention to Hong Kong. The authorities began to offer limited welfare assistance to asylum-seekers after UNHCR ceased its funding in May, but this was reportedly insufficient to meet basic needs.
AI country reports/visits
Reports
• People's Republic of China: Abolishing "Re-education through Labour" and other forms of administrative detention - An opportunity to bring the law into line with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (AI Index: ASA 17/016/2006)
• People's Republic of China: Sustaining conflict and human rights abuses - The flow of arms accelerates (AI Index: ASA 17/030/2006)
• People's Republic of China: The Olympics count-down - failing to keep human rights promises (AI Index: ASA 17/046/2006)
• Undermining freedom of expression in China: the role of Yahoo!, Microsoft and Google (AI Index: POL 30/026/2006)
Visits
AI representatives attended several human rights-related meetings in Beijing and Shenzhen.
People's Republic of China?
Next time you post something like this, with facts and figures, post a link so people can check it out to make sure its legit, based on current events, and not more china bashing.
When you do, then I'll check it out.
============================
Now you supplied a link, but the great cyber wall here in China won't let me get there.
China censors China hate sites plus pornography.
Keep this in mind, the Amnisties Internationals organizations depend on donations to survive. I've often wondered just how much they embellish the facts on that alone. It behooves one to look very closely at their board of directors, what they are getting paid, what percentage goes to public education, who they interview, are they seeking the other sides arguments without predisposition, --- in short, is it tabloid journalism, or is it really true. Plus, how current is it?
====================
Peace
Jim
.
Reply:Amen, seabreezecc.
Reply:nice question.
Reply:Yes.I live there
Reply:i checked the website out...
the only thing I can say is, I lived in China for 14 years, and I don't trust that website.
Reply:The only thing true about that statement of the Communist dictatorship is the word China. Check the word republic if you doubt me.
Reply:you can try these proxies:
http://www.minshenglife.info
http://www.toolforschool.info
good luck for you!
vc++
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Head of state: Hu Jintao
Head of government: Wen Jiabao
Death penalty: retentionist
International Criminal Court: not ratified
An increased number of lawyers and journalists were harassed, detained, and jailed. Thousands of people who pursued their faith outside officially sanctioned churches were subjected to harassment and many to detention and imprisonment. Thousands of people were sentenced to death or executed. Migrants from rural areas were deprived of basic rights. Severe repression of Uighurs in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region continued, and freedom of expression and religion continued to be severely restricted in Tibet and among Tibetans elsewhere.
International community
Before China's election to the new UN Human Rights Council, it made a number of human rights-related pledges, including ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and active co-operation with the UN on human rights. Chinese companies continued to export arms to countries where they were likely to be used for serious human rights abuses, including Sudan and Myanmar.
Human rights defenders
The government crackdown on lawyers and housing rights activists intensified. Many human rights defenders were subjected to lengthy periods of arbitrary detention without charge, as well as harassment by the police or by local gangs apparently condoned by the police. Many lived under near constant surveillance or house arrest and members of their families were increasingly targeted. New regulations restricted the ability of lawyers to represent groups of victims and to participate in collective petitions.
• Gao Zhisheng, an outspoken human rights lawyer, had his law practice suspended in November 2005. He was detained in August 2006 and remained in incommunicado detention at an unknown location until his trial in December 2006. In October he was formally arrested on charges of "inciting subversion", and in December he was sentenced to three years' imprisonment, suspended for five years.
Journalists and Internet users
The government's crackdown on journalists, writers, and Internet users intensified. Numerous popular newspapers and journals were shut down. Hundreds of international websites remained blocked and thousands of Chinese websites were shut down. Dozens of journalists were detained for reporting on sensitive issues.
The government strengthened systems for blocking, filtering, and monitoring the flow of information. New regulations came into effect requiring foreign news agencies to gain approval from China's official news agency in order to publish any news. Many foreign journalists were detained for short periods.
Discrimination against rural migrants
Rural migrant workers in China's cities faced wide-ranging discrimination. Despite official commitment to resolve the problem, millions of migrant workers were still owed back pay. The vast majority were excluded from urban health insurance schemes and could not afford private health care. Access to public education remained tenuous for millions of migrant children, in contrast to other urban residents. An estimated
20 million migrant children were unable to live with their parents in the cities in part because of insecure schooling.
• Beijing municipal authorities closed dozens of migrant schools in September, affecting thousands of migrant children. While authorities claimed to have targeted unregistered and sub-standard schools, onerous demands made it nearly impossible for migrant schools to be registered. Some school staff believed the closures were aimed at reducing the migrant population in Beijing ahead of the 2008 Olympics.
Violence and discrimination against women
Violence and discrimination against women remained severe. The disadvantaged economic and social status of women and girls was evident in employment, health care and education. Women were laid off in larger numbers than men from failing state enterprises. Women accounted for 60 per cent of rural labourers and had fewer non-agricultural opportunities than men. The absence of gender-sensitive anti-HIV/AIDS policies contributed to a significant rise in female HIV/AIDS cases in 2006. Only 43 per cent of girls in rural areas completed education above lower middle school, compared with 61 per cent of boys.
Despite strengthened laws and government efforts to combat human trafficking, it remained pervasive, with an estimated 90 per cent of cases being women and children trafficked for sexual exploitation.
• Chen Guangcheng, a blind, self-trained lawyer, was sentenced in August to a prison term of four years and three months on charges of "damaging public property and gathering people to stop traffic". He had been arbitrarily confined to his home since September 2005 in connection with his advocacy on behalf of women undergoing forced abortions in Shandong Province. On appeal, the guilty verdict was overturned and the case sent back to the lower court for retrial, but the lower court upheld the original sentence.
Repression of spiritual and religious groups
The government continued to crack down on religious observance outside officially sanctioned channels. Thousands of members of underground protestant "house churches" and unofficial Catholic churches were detained, many of whom were ill-treated or tortured in detention. Members of the Falun Gong spiritual movement were detained and assigned to administrative detention for their beliefs, and continued to be at high risk of torture or ill-treatment.
• Bu Dongwei, a Falun Gong practitioner, was assigned to two and a half years' Re-education through Labour in June for "activities relating to a banned organization" after police discovered Falun Gong literature at his home. He had been working for a US aid organization when he was detained.
• Pastor Zhang Rongliang, an underground church leader who had been repeatedly detained and imprisoned since 1976, was sentenced in June to seven and a half years' imprisonment on charges of illegally crossing the border and fraudulently obtaining a passport.
Death penalty
The death penalty continued to be used extensively to punish around 68 crimes, including economic and non-violent crimes. Based on public reports, AI estimated that at least 1,010 people were executed and 2,790 sentenced to death during 2006, although the true figures were believed to be much higher.
The National People's Congress passed a law reinstating a final review of all death penalty cases by the Supreme People's Court from 2007. Commentators believed this would lead to a reduction in miscarriages of justice and use of the death penalty.
Executions by lethal injection rose, facilitating the extraction of organs from executed prisoners, a lucrative business. In November a deputy minister announced that the majority of transplanted organs came from executed prisoners. In July new regulations banned the buying and selling of organs and required written consent from donors for organ removal.
• Xu Shuangfu, the leader of an unofficial Protestant group called "Three Grades of Servants", was executed along with 11 others in November after being convicted of murdering 20 members of another group, "Eastern Lightning", in 2003-4. Xu Shuangfu reportedly claimed that he had confessed under torture during police interrogation and that the torture had included beatings with heavy chains and sticks, electric shocks to the toes, fingers and genitals and forced injection of hot pepper, gasoline and ginger into the nose. Both the first instance and appeal courts reportedly refused to allow his lawyers to introduce these allegations as evidence in his defence.
Torture, arbitrary detention and unfair trials
Torture and ill-treatment remained widespread. Common methods included kicking, beating, electric shocks, suspension by the arms, shackling in painful positions, cigarette burns, and sleep and food deprivation. In November a senior official admitted that at least 30 wrongful convictions handed down each year resulted from the use of torture, with the true number likely being higher. There was no progress in efforts to reform the Re-education through Labour system of administrative detention without charge or trial. Hundreds of thousands of people were believed to be held in Re-education through Labour facilities across China and were at risk of torture and ill-treatment. In May 2006, the Beijing city authorities announced their intention to extend their use of Re-education through Labour as a way to control "offending behaviour" and to clean up the city's image ahead of the Olympics.
• Ye Guozhu was sentenced to four years' imprisonment in 2004 for his opposition to forced evictions in Beijing associated with construction for the Olympic games. It emerged during 2006 that Ye had been tortured while in detention. He was reportedly suspended from the ceiling by the arms and beaten repeatedly by police in Dongcheng district detention centre, Beijing, and also reportedly tortured in another prison in the second half of 2005.
Uighurs in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region
Government authorities in Xinjiang continued to severely repress the Uighur community and to deny their human rights, including freedom of religion and access to education. An increased number of Uighurs were extradited to China from Central Asia, reflecting growing pressure by China on governments in the region. Seventeen Uighurs remained in detention in Guantánamo Bay.
• The family of exiled former prisoner of conscience Rebiya Kadeer continued to be targeted by the Chinese authorities. On 26 November her son Ablikim Abdiriyim, detained in Xinjiang awaiting trial on charges of "subversion" and tax evasion, was seen being carried out of Tianshan District Detention
Centre, apparently in need of medical attention. On 27 November her sons Alim and Kahar Abdiriyim were fined heavily and Alim sentenced to seven years' imprisonment on charges of tax evasion.
• Husein Celil, a Canadian citizen who fled China in the 1990s as a refugee, was arrested in Uzbekistan and extradited to China in June. He was reportedly accused of "terrorism" and denied access to family or consular representatives.
Tibetans
Tibetans in the Tibet Autonomous Region and other areas experienced severe restrictions on their rights to freedom of religious belief, expression and association, and discrimination in employment. Many were detained or imprisoned for observing their religion or expressing opinions, including Tibetan Buddhist monks and nuns. Excessive use of force against Tibetans seeking to flee repression in Tibet continued. In September witnesses saw Chinese border patrol guards shooting at a group of Tibetans attempting to reach Nepal. At least one child was confirmed killed.
• Woeser, a leading Tibetan intellectual, had her weblog shut down several times after she raised questions about China's role in Tibet.
• Sonam Gyalpo, a former monk, was sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment in mid-2006 for "endangering state security" after the authorities found videos of the Dalai Lama and other "incriminating materials" in his house. His family learned of his trial and sentencing when they tried to visit him in detention.
North Korean refugees
Approximately 100,000 North Koreans were reportedly hiding in China. The authorities arrested and deported an estimated 150-300 each week without ever referring cases to UNHCR, the UN refugee agency. They also reportedly implemented a system of rewards for turning in North Koreans and heavy fines for supporting them. In September a new crackdown was reported on North Koreans residing illegally in China.
Abuse of North Korean women in China was widely reported, including cases of systematic rape and prostitution. North Korean women were reportedly sold as brides to Chinese men for between US$880 and US$1,890. Some women knew they were being sold into marriage but did not know how harsh conditions in China would be. Others were lured across the border by marriage brokers posing as merchants.
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
All 14 South Koreans charged with "unlawful assembly" after protesting outside World Trade Organization meetings in December 2005 were acquitted in early 2006, sparking renewed calls for an independent inquiry into the actions of the police during the protests.
The UN Human Rights Committee and the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women reviewed the human rights situation in Hong Kong in March and August respectively. Both made several recommendations for reform.
In September, the Hong Kong Court of Appeal upheld a lower court ruling that laws providing a higher age of consent for sexual relations for gay men than for heterosexuals were discriminatory. The authorities announced that they would not appeal the case further.
Asylum-seekers continued to be refused entry without adequate consideration of their claims. Others were detained for over-staying their visas or other immigration offences. Despite lobbying from human rights and social welfare groups, the authorities confirmed that there were no plans to extend the UN Refugee Convention to Hong Kong. The authorities began to offer limited welfare assistance to asylum-seekers after UNHCR ceased its funding in May, but this was reportedly insufficient to meet basic needs.
AI country reports/visits
Reports
• People's Republic of China: Abolishing "Re-education through Labour" and other forms of administrative detention - An opportunity to bring the law into line with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (AI Index: ASA 17/016/2006)
• People's Republic of China: Sustaining conflict and human rights abuses - The flow of arms accelerates (AI Index: ASA 17/030/2006)
• People's Republic of China: The Olympics count-down - failing to keep human rights promises (AI Index: ASA 17/046/2006)
• Undermining freedom of expression in China: the role of Yahoo!, Microsoft and Google (AI Index: POL 30/026/2006)
Visits
AI representatives attended several human rights-related meetings in Beijing and Shenzhen.
People's Republic of China?
Next time you post something like this, with facts and figures, post a link so people can check it out to make sure its legit, based on current events, and not more china bashing.
When you do, then I'll check it out.
============================
Now you supplied a link, but the great cyber wall here in China won't let me get there.
China censors China hate sites plus pornography.
Keep this in mind, the Amnisties Internationals organizations depend on donations to survive. I've often wondered just how much they embellish the facts on that alone. It behooves one to look very closely at their board of directors, what they are getting paid, what percentage goes to public education, who they interview, are they seeking the other sides arguments without predisposition, --- in short, is it tabloid journalism, or is it really true. Plus, how current is it?
====================
Peace
Jim
.
Reply:Amen, seabreezecc.
Reply:nice question.
Reply:Yes.I live there
Reply:i checked the website out...
the only thing I can say is, I lived in China for 14 years, and I don't trust that website.
Reply:The only thing true about that statement of the Communist dictatorship is the word China. Check the word republic if you doubt me.
Reply:you can try these proxies:
http://www.minshenglife.info
http://www.toolforschool.info
good luck for you!
vc++
What effect do you think the rising standard of living in China will have on our ability to compete with them?
I went there two years ago, and even though I knew that they had become successful in trade, I was totally surprised by the shear number of people who appeared to be what we would call middle class.
The city I visited, Xiamen, was modern, and clean. The newer, wealthier part of the city was much larger than any of the areas that could be called slums. Out in the country side, where the factory I visited was, there was more apparent poverty. The city was different altogether. Xiamen is a MINOR city. It boggles my mind to imagine what Shanghai must be like.
What effect do you think the rising standard of living in China will have on our ability to compete with them?
For the short term, they are going to be very competitive. Long term (a generation or so), their middle class is going to be so large that it will open up business opportunities for companies all over the world.
The city I visited, Xiamen, was modern, and clean. The newer, wealthier part of the city was much larger than any of the areas that could be called slums. Out in the country side, where the factory I visited was, there was more apparent poverty. The city was different altogether. Xiamen is a MINOR city. It boggles my mind to imagine what Shanghai must be like.
What effect do you think the rising standard of living in China will have on our ability to compete with them?
For the short term, they are going to be very competitive. Long term (a generation or so), their middle class is going to be so large that it will open up business opportunities for companies all over the world.
China Study Abroad Reviews?
Hi
I thinking about study a year abroad in China. I found several organizations and is looking for some feedback and reviews. My institution (UCLA Institution of Chinese Language Studies) accredits and recommends the following programs:
World Link Education, (www.worldlinkedu.com) %26amp; Duke in China program (www.duke.edu/apsi/china/) Educasian (www.educasian.com, CEA (www.Gowithcea.com)
Any feedback?
Rose
China Study Abroad Reviews?
I wish I know more to help you. Nowadays some college have a lot abroad study. I have a neiberhood her kid went China study one eyar and she loved it. I hear more good words. I'm Chinese and I know Chinese so I think if you want to go China, you will have greta experience. Good luck.
I thinking about study a year abroad in China. I found several organizations and is looking for some feedback and reviews. My institution (UCLA Institution of Chinese Language Studies) accredits and recommends the following programs:
World Link Education, (www.worldlinkedu.com) %26amp; Duke in China program (www.duke.edu/apsi/china/) Educasian (www.educasian.com, CEA (www.Gowithcea.com)
Any feedback?
Rose
China Study Abroad Reviews?
I wish I know more to help you. Nowadays some college have a lot abroad study. I have a neiberhood her kid went China study one eyar and she loved it. I hear more good words. I'm Chinese and I know Chinese so I think if you want to go China, you will have greta experience. Good luck.
How did imperialism contribute to the rise of nationalistic feelings in china?
i need help with this question. please serious answers only.
How did imperialism contribute to the rise of nationalistic feelings in china?
Well, you have to understand that the British were taking a lot of resources from China from the 1800's on up until their mandate in China ended. Start with the Boxer rebellion and then work your way up to the early cold war when England and other nations sided with Chian Kai Shek (2sp.) There was a lot of bitterness over the way the British administered many of their colonies from South Africa to India to Jamaica to China. Nationalism is sort of a byproduct of that. Look into the Boxer Rebellion, though.
How did imperialism contribute to the rise of nationalistic feelings in china?
Well, you have to understand that the British were taking a lot of resources from China from the 1800's on up until their mandate in China ended. Start with the Boxer rebellion and then work your way up to the early cold war when England and other nations sided with Chian Kai Shek (2sp.) There was a lot of bitterness over the way the British administered many of their colonies from South Africa to India to Jamaica to China. Nationalism is sort of a byproduct of that. Look into the Boxer Rebellion, though.
How can I find out the value of an old china pattern?
I have searched the internet tirelessly and cannot find any information.
The china is marked on the bottom with Mayfair fine bone china, made in Japan with a picture of a rose.
The pattern is silver-colored scrolling leaf - almost like a laurel. I think the set is roughly 60 years old, but would love to find out more.
Any suggestions?
How can I find out the value of an old china pattern?
Try this site!
http://www.replacements.com
They buy and sell all kinds of china, crystal, etc.
The best part is they are right here in Greensboro!
Reply:Since we live in a medium to large city, a librarian at the main branch was very helpful. A branch librarian may be of some assistance, too.
cotton tree
The china is marked on the bottom with Mayfair fine bone china, made in Japan with a picture of a rose.
The pattern is silver-colored scrolling leaf - almost like a laurel. I think the set is roughly 60 years old, but would love to find out more.
Any suggestions?
How can I find out the value of an old china pattern?
Try this site!
http://www.replacements.com
They buy and sell all kinds of china, crystal, etc.
The best part is they are right here in Greensboro!
Reply:Since we live in a medium to large city, a librarian at the main branch was very helpful. A branch librarian may be of some assistance, too.
cotton tree
I am looking for china, the brand is Lovely and the pattern is Elizabeth?
The china was purchased about 1962. It has a pink rose pattern
I am looking for china, the brand is Lovely and the pattern is Elizabeth?
Is this the one?
http://www.replacements.com/webquote/LOV...
I am looking for china, the brand is Lovely and the pattern is Elizabeth?
Is this the one?
http://www.replacements.com/webquote/LOV...
China: From Death Camp to Civilization. Why very limited power to government is crucial? Mao unknown story?
http://www.lewrockwell.com/rockwell/chin...
A hysteria of sorts has been generated by reports that some of China's products lack quality control. Some cat food has been tainted. A few cell-phone batteries have blown up. Cough syrup contained stuff that makes you sick. And so on. In response, the Chinese government actually executed its regulatory head of food and product safety, Zheng Xiaoyu.
How very strange this last point is! In the West, we long ago gave up the idea that these people are actually supposed to carry out their jobs and should be personally responsible for their failure to do so.
What is most striking about these product criticisms is how historically insular they appear in light of the modern history of China. This is a subject that is deeply painful, horrifying in its detail, highly instructive in helping us understand politics – and also puts into perspective these reports of recent troubles in China. It's a scandal, in fact, that few Westerners are even aware, or, if they are aware, they are not conscious, of the bloody reality that prevailed in China between the years 1949 and 1976, the years of rule by Mao Zedong
How many died as a result of persecutions and the communist policies of Mao? Perhaps you care to guess? Many people over the years have attempted to guess. But they have always underestimated. As more data rolled in during the 1980s and 1990s, and specialists have devoted themselves to investigations and estimates, the figures have become ever more reliable. And yet they remain imprecise. What kind of error term are we talking about? It could be as low as 40 million. It could be as high as 100 million – or more. In the Great Leap Forward from 1959 to 1961 alone, figures range between 20 million to 75 million. In the period before, 20 million. In the period after, tens of millions more.
As scholars in the area of mass death point out, most of us can't imagine 100 dead or 1000. Above that, we are just talking about statistics: they have no conceptual meaning for us. And there is only so much ghastly information that our brains can absorb, only so much blood we can imagine. And yet there is more to why China's communist experiment remains a hidden fact: it makes a decisive case against government power, one even more compelling than the cases of Russia or Germany in the 20th century.
The horror was foreshadowed in a bloody civil war following the Second World War. After some nine million people died, the communists emerged victorious in 1949, with Mao as the ruler. The land of Lao-Tzu (rhyme, rhythm, peace), Taoism (compassion, moderation, humility), and Confucianism (piety, social harmony, individual development) was seized by the strangest import to China ever: Marxism from Germany via Russia. It was an ideology that denied all logic, experience, economic law, property rights, and limits on the power of the state on grounds that these notions were merely bourgeois prejudices, and what we needed to transform society was a cadre with all power to transform all things.
It's bizarre to think about it, really: posters of Marx and Lenin in China, of all places, and rule by an ideology of robbery, dictatorship, and death. So spectacular has the transformation been in the last 25 years that one would hardly know that any of this ever happened, except that the Communist Party is still running the place while having tossed out the communist part.
The experiment began in the most bloody way possible following the Second World War, when all Western eyes were focused on matters at home and, to the extent there was any foreign focus, it was on Russia. The "good guys" had won the war in China, or so we were led to believe in times when communism was the fashion.
The communization of China took place in the usual three stages: purge, plan, and scapegoat. First there was the purge to bring about communism. There were guerillas to kill and land to nationalize. The churches had to be destroyed. The counterrevolutionaries had to be put down. The violence began in the country and spread later to the cities. All peasants were first divided into four classes that were considered politically acceptable: poor, semi-poor, average, and rich. Everyone else was considered a landowner and targeted for elimination. If no landowners could be found, the "rich" were often included in this group. The demonized class was ferreted out in a country-wide series of "bitterness meetings" in which people turned in their neighbors for owning property and being politically disloyal. Those who were so deemed were immediately executed along with those who sympathized with them.
The rule was that there had to be at least one person killed per village. The number killed is estimated to be between one and five million. In addition, another four to six million landowners were slaughtered for the crime of being capital owners. If anyone was suspected of hiding wealth, he or she was tortured with hot irons to confess. The families of the killed were then tortured and the graves of their ancestors looted and pillaged. What happened to the land? It was divided into tiny plots and distributed among the remaining peasants.
Then the campaign moved to the cities. The political motivations here were at the forefront, but there were also behavioral controls. Anyone who was suspected of involvement in prostitution, gambling, tax evasion, lying, fraud, opium dealing, or telling state secrets was executed as a "bandit." Official estimates put the number of dead at two million with another two million going to prison to die. Resident committees of political loyalists watched every move. A nighttime visit to another person was immediately reported and the parties involved jailed or killed. The cells in the prisons themselves grew ever smaller, with one person living in a space of about 14 inches. Some prisoners were worked to death, and anyone involved in a revolt was herded with collaborators and they were all burned.
There was industry in the cities, but those who owned and managed them were subjected to ever tighter restrictions: forced transparency, constant scrutinies, crippling taxes, and pressure to offer up their businesses for collectivization. There were many suicides among the owners of small and medium-sized businesses, who saw the writing on the wall. Joining the party provided only temporary respite, since in 1955 began the campaign against hidden counterrevolutionaries in the party itself. A principle here was that one in 10 party members was a secret traitor.
As the rivers of blood rose ever higher, Mao brought about the Hundred Flowers Campaign in two months of 1957, the legacy of which is the phrase we often hear: "let a hundred flowers bloom." People were encouraged to speak freely and give their point of view, an opportunity that was very tempting for intellectuals. The liberalization was short lived. In fact, it was a trick. All those who spoke out against what was happening to China were rounded up and imprisoned, perhaps between 400,000 and 700,000 people, including 10 percent of the well-educated classes. Others were branded as right-wingers and subjected to interrogation, reeducation, kicked out of their homes, and shunned.
But this was nothing compared with phase two, which was one of history’s great central-planning catastrophes. Following the collectivization of land, Mao decided to go further to dictate to the peasants what they would grow, how they would grow it, and where they would ship it, or whether they would grow anything at all as versus plunge into industry. This would become the Great Leap Forward that would generate history's most deadly famine. Peasants were grouped into groups of thousands and forced to share all things. All groups were to be economically self-sufficient. Production goals were raised ever higher.
People were moved by the hundreds of thousands from where production was high to where it was low, as a means of boosting production. They were moved too from agriculture to industry. There was a massive campaign to collect tools and transform them into industrial skill. As a means of showing hope for the future, collectives were encouraged to have huge banquets and eat everything, especially meat. This was a way of showing one's belief that the next year's harvest would be even more bountiful.
Mao had this idea that he knew how to grow grain. He proclaimed that "seeds are happiest when growing together" and so seeds were sown at five to ten times their usual density. Plants died, the soil dried out, and the salt rose to the surface. To keep birds from eating grain, sparrows were wiped out, which vastly increased the number of parasites. Erosion and flooding became endemic. Tea plantations were turned to rice fields, on grounds that tea was decadent and capitalistic. Hydraulic equipment built to service the new collective farms didn't work and lacked any replacement parts. This led Mao to put new emphasis on localized industry, which was forced to appear in the same areas as agriculture, leading to ever more chaos. Workers were drafted from one sector to another, and mandatory cuts in some sectors was balanced by mandatory high quotas in another.
In 1957, the disaster was everywhere. Workers were growing too weak even to harvest their meager crops, so they died watching the rice rot. Industry churned and churned but produced nothing of any use. The government responded by telling people that fat and proteins were unnecessary. But the famine couldn't be denied. The black-market price of rice rose 20 to 30 times. Because trade had been forbidden between collectives (self-sufficiency, you know), millions were left to starve. By 1960, the death rate soared from 15 percent to 68 percent, and the birth rate plummeted. Anyone caught hording grain was shot. Peasants found with the smallest amount were imprisoned. Fires were banned. Funerals were prohibited as wasteful.
Villagers who tried to flee from the countryside to the city were shot at the gates. Deaths from hunger reached 50 percent in some villages. Survivors boiled grass and bark to make soup and wandered the roads looking for food. Sometimes they banded together and raided houses looking for ground maize. Women were unable to conceive because of malnutrition. People in work camps were used for food experiments that led to sickness and death.
How bad did it get? 1968 an 18-year-old member of the Red Guard, Wei Jingsheng, took refuge with a family in a village of Anhui, and here he lived to write about what he saw: "We walked along beside the village…Before my eyes, among the weeds, rose up one of the scenes I had been told about, one of the banquets at which the families had swapped children in order to eat them. I could see the worried faces of the families as they chewed the flesh of other people's children. The children who were chasing butterflies in a nearby field seemed to be the reincarnation of the children devoured by their parents. I felt sorry for the children but not as sorry as I felt for their parents. What had made them swallow that human flesh, amidst the tears and grief of others – flesh that they would never have imagined tasting, even in their worst nightmares?" (The author of the passage was jailed as a traitor but his status protected him from death and he was finally released in 1997.)
How many people died in the famine of 1959–61? The low range is 20 million. The high range is 43 million. Finally in 1961, the government gave in and permitted food imports, but it was too little and too late. Some peasants were again allowed to grow crops on their own land. A few private workshops were opened. Some markets were permitted. Finally, the famine began to abate and production grew.
But then the third phase came: scapegoating. What had caused the calamity? The official reason was anything but communism, anything but Mao. And so the politically motivated round-up began again, and here we get to the very heart of the Cultural Revolution. Thousands of camps and detention centers were opened. People sent there died there. In prison, the slightest excuse was used to dispense with people – all to the good since the prisoners were a drain on the system, so far as those in charge were concerned. The largest penal system ever built was organized in a military fashion, with some camps holding as many as 50,000 people.
There was some sense in which everyone was in prison. Arrests were sweeping and indiscriminate. Everyone had to carry around a copy of Mao’s Little Red Book. To question the reason for arrest was itself evidence of disloyalty, since the state was infallible. Once arrested, the safest path was instant and frequent confession. This time, guards were forbidden from using overt violence, so interrogations would go on for hundreds of hours, and often the prisoner would die during this process. Those named in the confession were then hunted down and rounded up. Once you got through this process, you were sent to a labor camp, where you were graded according to how many hours you could work with little food. They were fed no meat nor given any sugar or oil. Labor prisoners were further controlled by the rationing of the little food they had.
The final phase of this incredible litany of criminality lasted from 1966 to 1976, and during this phase the number of killed fell dramatically to "only" one to three million. The government, now tired and in the first stages of demoralization, began to lose control, first within the labor camps and second in the countryside. And it was this weakening that led to the final and, in some ways the most vicious, of the communist periods in China's history.
The first stages of rebellion occurred in the only way permissible: people began to criticize the government for being too soft and too uncommitted to the communist goal. Ironically, this began to appear precisely as moderation became more overt in Russia. Neo-revolutionaries in the Red Guard began to criticize the Chinese communists as "Khrushchev-like reformers." As one writer put it, the guard "rose up against its own government in order to defend it."
During this period, the personality cult of Mao reached its height, with the Little Red Book achieving a mythic status. The Red Guards roamed the country in an attempt to purge the Four Old-Fashioned Things: ideas, culture, customs, and habits. The remaining temples were barricaded. Traditional opera was banned, with all costumes and sets in the Beijing Opera burned. Monks were expelled. The calendar was changed. All Christianity was banned. There were to be no pets such as cats and birds. Humiliation was the order of the day.
Thus was the Red Terror: in the capital city, there were 1,700 deaths and 84,000 people were run out. In other cities such as Shanghai, the figures were worse. A massive party purge began, with hundreds of thousands arrested and many murdered. Artists, writers, teachers, scientists, technicians: all were targets. Pogroms were visited on community after community, with Mao approving at every step as a means of eliminating every possible political rival. But underneath, the government was splintering and cracking, even as it became ever more brutal and totalist in its outlook.
Finally in 1976, Mao died. Within a few months, his closest advisers were all imprisoned. And the reform began slowly at first and then at breakneck speed. Civil liberties were restored (comparatively) and the rehabilitations began. Torturers were prosecuted. Economic controls were gradually relaxed. The economy, by virtue of human and private economic initiative, was transformed.
Having read the above, you are now in a tiny elite of people who know anything about the greatest death camp in the history of the world that China became between 1949 and 1976, an experiment in total control unlike anything other in history. Many more people today know more about China's exploding cell-phone batteries than the hundred million dead and the untold amount of suffering that occurred under communism.
When you hear about shoddy products coming from China or wheat poorly processed, imagine millions in famine, with parents swapping children to eat in order to stay alive. And what do China's critics today recommend? More control by the government. Don't tell me that we've learned anything from history. We don't even know enough about history to learn from it.
Note on sources, all of which you should buy and read in detail: "China: A Long March into Night," by Jean-Louis Margolin in The Black Book of Communism, by Stephane Courtois et al. (Harvard, 1999), pp. 463–546; Death by Government, by R.J. Rummel (Transaction, 1996); Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine, by Jaspar Becker (Owl Books, 1998); and Mao: The Unknown Story, by Jung Chang and Jon Halliday (2006).
July 21, 2007
Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr. [send him mail] is president of the Ludwig von Mises Institute in Auburn, Alabama, editor of LewRockwell.com, and author of Speaking of Liberty.
China: From Death Camp to Civilization. Why very limited power to government is crucial? Mao unknown story?
This is a great question! Except I don't really understand exactly what you're getting at. Can you refine your question a bit? I can tell you that limited power is important because it prevents overbearing governments from doing things like warrantless wiretaps upon its own citizens.
Best Wishes!
Reply:wtf?! thats ALOT OF WTIRING..HOLLY ****!! Report It
Reply:WHAT THE ****?????????????that word that has the"****" i the word for F..U..C..K..ok? in case your were wondering. Report It
A hysteria of sorts has been generated by reports that some of China's products lack quality control. Some cat food has been tainted. A few cell-phone batteries have blown up. Cough syrup contained stuff that makes you sick. And so on. In response, the Chinese government actually executed its regulatory head of food and product safety, Zheng Xiaoyu.
How very strange this last point is! In the West, we long ago gave up the idea that these people are actually supposed to carry out their jobs and should be personally responsible for their failure to do so.
What is most striking about these product criticisms is how historically insular they appear in light of the modern history of China. This is a subject that is deeply painful, horrifying in its detail, highly instructive in helping us understand politics – and also puts into perspective these reports of recent troubles in China. It's a scandal, in fact, that few Westerners are even aware, or, if they are aware, they are not conscious, of the bloody reality that prevailed in China between the years 1949 and 1976, the years of rule by Mao Zedong
How many died as a result of persecutions and the communist policies of Mao? Perhaps you care to guess? Many people over the years have attempted to guess. But they have always underestimated. As more data rolled in during the 1980s and 1990s, and specialists have devoted themselves to investigations and estimates, the figures have become ever more reliable. And yet they remain imprecise. What kind of error term are we talking about? It could be as low as 40 million. It could be as high as 100 million – or more. In the Great Leap Forward from 1959 to 1961 alone, figures range between 20 million to 75 million. In the period before, 20 million. In the period after, tens of millions more.
As scholars in the area of mass death point out, most of us can't imagine 100 dead or 1000. Above that, we are just talking about statistics: they have no conceptual meaning for us. And there is only so much ghastly information that our brains can absorb, only so much blood we can imagine. And yet there is more to why China's communist experiment remains a hidden fact: it makes a decisive case against government power, one even more compelling than the cases of Russia or Germany in the 20th century.
The horror was foreshadowed in a bloody civil war following the Second World War. After some nine million people died, the communists emerged victorious in 1949, with Mao as the ruler. The land of Lao-Tzu (rhyme, rhythm, peace), Taoism (compassion, moderation, humility), and Confucianism (piety, social harmony, individual development) was seized by the strangest import to China ever: Marxism from Germany via Russia. It was an ideology that denied all logic, experience, economic law, property rights, and limits on the power of the state on grounds that these notions were merely bourgeois prejudices, and what we needed to transform society was a cadre with all power to transform all things.
It's bizarre to think about it, really: posters of Marx and Lenin in China, of all places, and rule by an ideology of robbery, dictatorship, and death. So spectacular has the transformation been in the last 25 years that one would hardly know that any of this ever happened, except that the Communist Party is still running the place while having tossed out the communist part.
The experiment began in the most bloody way possible following the Second World War, when all Western eyes were focused on matters at home and, to the extent there was any foreign focus, it was on Russia. The "good guys" had won the war in China, or so we were led to believe in times when communism was the fashion.
The communization of China took place in the usual three stages: purge, plan, and scapegoat. First there was the purge to bring about communism. There were guerillas to kill and land to nationalize. The churches had to be destroyed. The counterrevolutionaries had to be put down. The violence began in the country and spread later to the cities. All peasants were first divided into four classes that were considered politically acceptable: poor, semi-poor, average, and rich. Everyone else was considered a landowner and targeted for elimination. If no landowners could be found, the "rich" were often included in this group. The demonized class was ferreted out in a country-wide series of "bitterness meetings" in which people turned in their neighbors for owning property and being politically disloyal. Those who were so deemed were immediately executed along with those who sympathized with them.
The rule was that there had to be at least one person killed per village. The number killed is estimated to be between one and five million. In addition, another four to six million landowners were slaughtered for the crime of being capital owners. If anyone was suspected of hiding wealth, he or she was tortured with hot irons to confess. The families of the killed were then tortured and the graves of their ancestors looted and pillaged. What happened to the land? It was divided into tiny plots and distributed among the remaining peasants.
Then the campaign moved to the cities. The political motivations here were at the forefront, but there were also behavioral controls. Anyone who was suspected of involvement in prostitution, gambling, tax evasion, lying, fraud, opium dealing, or telling state secrets was executed as a "bandit." Official estimates put the number of dead at two million with another two million going to prison to die. Resident committees of political loyalists watched every move. A nighttime visit to another person was immediately reported and the parties involved jailed or killed. The cells in the prisons themselves grew ever smaller, with one person living in a space of about 14 inches. Some prisoners were worked to death, and anyone involved in a revolt was herded with collaborators and they were all burned.
There was industry in the cities, but those who owned and managed them were subjected to ever tighter restrictions: forced transparency, constant scrutinies, crippling taxes, and pressure to offer up their businesses for collectivization. There were many suicides among the owners of small and medium-sized businesses, who saw the writing on the wall. Joining the party provided only temporary respite, since in 1955 began the campaign against hidden counterrevolutionaries in the party itself. A principle here was that one in 10 party members was a secret traitor.
As the rivers of blood rose ever higher, Mao brought about the Hundred Flowers Campaign in two months of 1957, the legacy of which is the phrase we often hear: "let a hundred flowers bloom." People were encouraged to speak freely and give their point of view, an opportunity that was very tempting for intellectuals. The liberalization was short lived. In fact, it was a trick. All those who spoke out against what was happening to China were rounded up and imprisoned, perhaps between 400,000 and 700,000 people, including 10 percent of the well-educated classes. Others were branded as right-wingers and subjected to interrogation, reeducation, kicked out of their homes, and shunned.
But this was nothing compared with phase two, which was one of history’s great central-planning catastrophes. Following the collectivization of land, Mao decided to go further to dictate to the peasants what they would grow, how they would grow it, and where they would ship it, or whether they would grow anything at all as versus plunge into industry. This would become the Great Leap Forward that would generate history's most deadly famine. Peasants were grouped into groups of thousands and forced to share all things. All groups were to be economically self-sufficient. Production goals were raised ever higher.
People were moved by the hundreds of thousands from where production was high to where it was low, as a means of boosting production. They were moved too from agriculture to industry. There was a massive campaign to collect tools and transform them into industrial skill. As a means of showing hope for the future, collectives were encouraged to have huge banquets and eat everything, especially meat. This was a way of showing one's belief that the next year's harvest would be even more bountiful.
Mao had this idea that he knew how to grow grain. He proclaimed that "seeds are happiest when growing together" and so seeds were sown at five to ten times their usual density. Plants died, the soil dried out, and the salt rose to the surface. To keep birds from eating grain, sparrows were wiped out, which vastly increased the number of parasites. Erosion and flooding became endemic. Tea plantations were turned to rice fields, on grounds that tea was decadent and capitalistic. Hydraulic equipment built to service the new collective farms didn't work and lacked any replacement parts. This led Mao to put new emphasis on localized industry, which was forced to appear in the same areas as agriculture, leading to ever more chaos. Workers were drafted from one sector to another, and mandatory cuts in some sectors was balanced by mandatory high quotas in another.
In 1957, the disaster was everywhere. Workers were growing too weak even to harvest their meager crops, so they died watching the rice rot. Industry churned and churned but produced nothing of any use. The government responded by telling people that fat and proteins were unnecessary. But the famine couldn't be denied. The black-market price of rice rose 20 to 30 times. Because trade had been forbidden between collectives (self-sufficiency, you know), millions were left to starve. By 1960, the death rate soared from 15 percent to 68 percent, and the birth rate plummeted. Anyone caught hording grain was shot. Peasants found with the smallest amount were imprisoned. Fires were banned. Funerals were prohibited as wasteful.
Villagers who tried to flee from the countryside to the city were shot at the gates. Deaths from hunger reached 50 percent in some villages. Survivors boiled grass and bark to make soup and wandered the roads looking for food. Sometimes they banded together and raided houses looking for ground maize. Women were unable to conceive because of malnutrition. People in work camps were used for food experiments that led to sickness and death.
How bad did it get? 1968 an 18-year-old member of the Red Guard, Wei Jingsheng, took refuge with a family in a village of Anhui, and here he lived to write about what he saw: "We walked along beside the village…Before my eyes, among the weeds, rose up one of the scenes I had been told about, one of the banquets at which the families had swapped children in order to eat them. I could see the worried faces of the families as they chewed the flesh of other people's children. The children who were chasing butterflies in a nearby field seemed to be the reincarnation of the children devoured by their parents. I felt sorry for the children but not as sorry as I felt for their parents. What had made them swallow that human flesh, amidst the tears and grief of others – flesh that they would never have imagined tasting, even in their worst nightmares?" (The author of the passage was jailed as a traitor but his status protected him from death and he was finally released in 1997.)
How many people died in the famine of 1959–61? The low range is 20 million. The high range is 43 million. Finally in 1961, the government gave in and permitted food imports, but it was too little and too late. Some peasants were again allowed to grow crops on their own land. A few private workshops were opened. Some markets were permitted. Finally, the famine began to abate and production grew.
But then the third phase came: scapegoating. What had caused the calamity? The official reason was anything but communism, anything but Mao. And so the politically motivated round-up began again, and here we get to the very heart of the Cultural Revolution. Thousands of camps and detention centers were opened. People sent there died there. In prison, the slightest excuse was used to dispense with people – all to the good since the prisoners were a drain on the system, so far as those in charge were concerned. The largest penal system ever built was organized in a military fashion, with some camps holding as many as 50,000 people.
There was some sense in which everyone was in prison. Arrests were sweeping and indiscriminate. Everyone had to carry around a copy of Mao’s Little Red Book. To question the reason for arrest was itself evidence of disloyalty, since the state was infallible. Once arrested, the safest path was instant and frequent confession. This time, guards were forbidden from using overt violence, so interrogations would go on for hundreds of hours, and often the prisoner would die during this process. Those named in the confession were then hunted down and rounded up. Once you got through this process, you were sent to a labor camp, where you were graded according to how many hours you could work with little food. They were fed no meat nor given any sugar or oil. Labor prisoners were further controlled by the rationing of the little food they had.
The final phase of this incredible litany of criminality lasted from 1966 to 1976, and during this phase the number of killed fell dramatically to "only" one to three million. The government, now tired and in the first stages of demoralization, began to lose control, first within the labor camps and second in the countryside. And it was this weakening that led to the final and, in some ways the most vicious, of the communist periods in China's history.
The first stages of rebellion occurred in the only way permissible: people began to criticize the government for being too soft and too uncommitted to the communist goal. Ironically, this began to appear precisely as moderation became more overt in Russia. Neo-revolutionaries in the Red Guard began to criticize the Chinese communists as "Khrushchev-like reformers." As one writer put it, the guard "rose up against its own government in order to defend it."
During this period, the personality cult of Mao reached its height, with the Little Red Book achieving a mythic status. The Red Guards roamed the country in an attempt to purge the Four Old-Fashioned Things: ideas, culture, customs, and habits. The remaining temples were barricaded. Traditional opera was banned, with all costumes and sets in the Beijing Opera burned. Monks were expelled. The calendar was changed. All Christianity was banned. There were to be no pets such as cats and birds. Humiliation was the order of the day.
Thus was the Red Terror: in the capital city, there were 1,700 deaths and 84,000 people were run out. In other cities such as Shanghai, the figures were worse. A massive party purge began, with hundreds of thousands arrested and many murdered. Artists, writers, teachers, scientists, technicians: all were targets. Pogroms were visited on community after community, with Mao approving at every step as a means of eliminating every possible political rival. But underneath, the government was splintering and cracking, even as it became ever more brutal and totalist in its outlook.
Finally in 1976, Mao died. Within a few months, his closest advisers were all imprisoned. And the reform began slowly at first and then at breakneck speed. Civil liberties were restored (comparatively) and the rehabilitations began. Torturers were prosecuted. Economic controls were gradually relaxed. The economy, by virtue of human and private economic initiative, was transformed.
Having read the above, you are now in a tiny elite of people who know anything about the greatest death camp in the history of the world that China became between 1949 and 1976, an experiment in total control unlike anything other in history. Many more people today know more about China's exploding cell-phone batteries than the hundred million dead and the untold amount of suffering that occurred under communism.
When you hear about shoddy products coming from China or wheat poorly processed, imagine millions in famine, with parents swapping children to eat in order to stay alive. And what do China's critics today recommend? More control by the government. Don't tell me that we've learned anything from history. We don't even know enough about history to learn from it.
Note on sources, all of which you should buy and read in detail: "China: A Long March into Night," by Jean-Louis Margolin in The Black Book of Communism, by Stephane Courtois et al. (Harvard, 1999), pp. 463–546; Death by Government, by R.J. Rummel (Transaction, 1996); Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine, by Jaspar Becker (Owl Books, 1998); and Mao: The Unknown Story, by Jung Chang and Jon Halliday (2006).
July 21, 2007
Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr. [send him mail] is president of the Ludwig von Mises Institute in Auburn, Alabama, editor of LewRockwell.com, and author of Speaking of Liberty.
China: From Death Camp to Civilization. Why very limited power to government is crucial? Mao unknown story?
This is a great question! Except I don't really understand exactly what you're getting at. Can you refine your question a bit? I can tell you that limited power is important because it prevents overbearing governments from doing things like warrantless wiretaps upon its own citizens.
Best Wishes!
Reply:wtf?! thats ALOT OF WTIRING..HOLLY ****!! Report It
Reply:WHAT THE ****?????????????that word that has the"****" i the word for F..U..C..K..ok? in case your were wondering. Report It
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